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Table GPS-121. Methodological information for nation-wide surveys among the general population
| Country | Geographical Area | Year | Reference | Institution commissioning the study | Institution conducting the research | Study type | Context | Age range | Data collection procedure | Sampling frame | Sampling procedure | Oversampled group | Weighting procedure | Response rates | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Vlaanderen (Brussels excluded) | 1994 | Quataert P, Van Oyen H. Gegevensinzameling in verband met middelengebruik door middel van CATI, IHE/Episeries n 6, CCOV, IHE, Brussel, 1995 | : | : | single | medicines / alcohol /drug use | 18-65 | Computerized Assisted Telephone Interview | : | random selection from the National registry | none | : | : | : |
| Belgium | French Community | 1996-1997 | PIETTE D, DE SMET P. Rapport SANOMETRE : Comportement de santé des adultes en Communauté française, PROMES-ULB, Bruxelles, 2000. | : | : | Continuous monitoring | Health behaviours of adults | 18-69 years / drug section : 18-49 years | phone/CATI | Household connected to telephone network in 4 areas of French Community | Random digit dialling at household level + random selection of 1 household member 18-69 y | None | Adjustment for age, sex, education, area | 69%. Response rate for the whole survey (18-69) and not only for the drug section Sample : 3311 (18-69 y.) / 2112 (18-49 y.) for the pooled 1996-1999 period. | : |
| Belgium | French Community | 1998-1999 | Piette D, De Smet P. Rapport SANOMETRE : Comportement de santé des adultes en Communauté française, PROMES-ULB, Bruxelles, 2000. | : | : | Continuous monitoring | Health behaviours of adults | 18-49 | phone/CATI | Household connected to telephone network in 4 areas of French Community | Random digit dialling at household level + random selection of 1 household member 18-69 y | None | Adjustment for age, sex, education, area | 69%. Response rate for the whole survey (18-69) and not only for the drug section Sample : 3311 (18-69 y.) / 2112 (18-49 y.) for the pooled 1996-1999 period. | : |
| Belgium | French Community | 2000 | Piette D, De Smet P. Rapport SANOMETRE : Comportement de santé des adultes en Communauté française, PROMES-ULB, Bruxelles, 2000. | : | : | Continuous monitoring | Health behaviours of adults | 18-69 years / drug section : 18-49 years | Phone/CATI | Household connected to telephone network in 4 areas of French Community | Random digit dialling at household level + random selection of 1 household member 18-69 y | None | Adjustment for age, sex, education, area | 68%. Response rate for the whole survey (18-69) and not only for the drug section | : |
| Belgium | National | 2001 | Buziarsist, J, Demarest, S, Gisle, L et al. Health Interview Survey 2001, Lifestyles 3, Use of Illicit drugs (2,5). | 3 communities (Flemish, French, German), Federal State, Brussels Region, Walloon Region, Flemish Region | Scientific Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Statistics | Repeated, however 1st time for the module on drugs | Health Interview Survey | 15-64 | Interview but Auto-questionnaire for illicit drug module | National register. | Stratified by Regions and Provinces. Systematic random sample of municipalities and households | yes (Flemish region, Walloon region, Brussels region, German community) | yes | : | : |
| Belgium | National | 2004 | Bayingana K, Demarest S, Gisle L, Hesse E, Miermans PJ, Tafforeau J, Van der Heyden J. Gezondheidsenquête, België, 2004 - Volledig rapport. Wetenschappelijk Instituut Volksgezondheid, Januari 2006, Rapport: D/2006/2505/3. | Government | Scientific Institute of Public Health (IPH), Brussels, Belgium | Repeated | National Health Interview Survey | All ages | Face-to-face interview and self-administered questionnaire as for illicit drug use | National register | Multi levels | Elderly | Yes on age, gender, region, province, household size | Questions on drugs concerned 15-64 y. Response rate is lower for questions on drugs than for other ones. | : |
| Belgium | National | 2008 | : | Governments at the Federal level an the level of Regions and Communities. | Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium | Repeated study: previous waves in 1997, 2001 and 2004. | National health survey | Age range is 15-64 years old regarding illegal drug use. | Face-to-face interview for other parts, but self-administered questionnaire for alcohol and drug use questions then enclosed in an envelope. | Population registry random selection. HIS sample is fully probabilistic: it is a combination of several sampling techniques: stratification, multistage sampling and clustering. Replacement households are matched to the first-hand households in a cluster of 4. | Multi levels | Elderly | Weighting by age, gender, region, province and household size. | 55%. Remarks regarding sample size - Total gross sample size: The total gross sample size was 14549 households. Not known in terms of respondents because at this initial level of sampling, a sample of households is selected. - Valid gross sample size: 10555 households. - Net response for total age range covered: 5809 households or 11254 respondents Remarks on chapter 5: frequency of cannabis use In 5.1.2, 5.1.5 and 5.1.8, the number of respondents in the sample was entered. In 5.1.3, 5.1.6 and 5.1.9, the prevalence estimates among those in the last 30 days prevalence group were entered. And to be able to present it in integers, I didn’t wrote the numbers in percent but in “per thousand”. | : |
| Bulgaria | National | 2005 | National Representative Study on Drug Use in the General Population'2005, National Focal Point & Centre for social strategies and initiatives, Methodological guidance - Momtchil Vassilev | National Focal Point & National Centre for Addictions, paying through the Action Plan of the National Anti-Drug Strategy 2003-2008 | Centre for social strategies and initiatives - Sofia | Single | Drugs only | 18-60 (incl.) | face-to-face | Population registry | Two-stages randomized sampling procedure | None | Yes - by age | 98.7%. There are no separate sub-samples by age groups and gender, that is why the detailed response rates are not applicable. | : |
| Bulgaria | Cities With More Than 25 000 Inhabitants. This Type Of Cities Concentrates Around 52 % Of The Total Population In Bulgaria And Around 74 % Of The Urban Population. | 2007 | Annual Report 2008 on the state of drugs related problems in Bulgaria | National Centre for Addictions | National Focal Point on Drugs and Drug Addictions, Sociological agencies MBMD and SOVA HARRIS. | Repeated study | Drugs only | 15-64 | Face-to-face interview | Local household registries | Three stages typological randomized sample - starting with choosing the cities (by type), then choosing the districts and then choosing the concrete household and respondent | None | Yes - by age and type of cities (by number of population). | 100% | : |
| Bulgaria | National | 2008 | Source of information: National Focal Point on Drugs and Drug Addiction; MBMD (sociological agency) | National Focal Point on Drugs and Drug Addiction (through the Grant Agreement) | : | Repeated study (previous studies in 2005, 2007) | Drugs only | 15-64 | Face-to-face interviews | National representative sample with proportional selection of the cities and towns and random selection of the persons. In fact it is based on household registry. | Two steps based random procedure of forming the sample - the first step is a random listing of cities, towns and villages entering in the sample (based on the main proportions in the population); the second step consists in a personal random selection of the persons entering in the sample (based on Leslie Kish method of finding types of cases). | None | Yes - weighted by types of settlement (capital, regional centres, other cities/towns, villages) | : | : |
| Czech Republic | National | 2002 | Highlights of GENACIS project in the Czech Republic (unpublished research report) | Prague Psychiatric Centre | Prague Psychiatric Centre | single | Alcohol and culture | 18-64 | Structured interview (face to face) | randomly selected individuals from randomly selected electoral districts | random stratified with quotas | none | not applied | : | The last 30 days prevalence was not asked |
| Czech Republic | National | 2004 | UZIS CR (2006) Sample Survey on Health Status and Lifestyle of the Population in the Czech Republic Focused on Drug Abuse. Prague: UZIS CR (Institute of Health Information and Statistics). | Office of the Government from state budget chapter dedicated for drug policy expenditures | UZIS CR (Institute of Health Information and Statistics), Prague | for the first time in 2004; planned to be repeated every 3 years | Health status and lifestyle | 18-64 | Face-to-face interviews | Election registry | Random stratified sampling (strata: age, sex, region and education) | No | No | 67.10% | : |
| Czech Republic | National | 2008 | Belackova, V., Nechanska, B., Chomynova, P., Horakova, M. (2012) General Population Survey on Drug Use and Attitudes towards Drug Use in the Czech Republic in 2008. Prague, Office of the Government of the Czech Republic. In press. | National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions (NFP). | National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions; Inres-Sones Agency; Centre of Addictology, Charles University, Prague | single (planned to be repeated every 4 years) | drugs only | 15-64 | face to face interview | Electoral wards. | Quota sampling from randomly selected electoral wards. | Plus 20 % (300 respondents) of the 15-29 age group. | by age, gender, and region | 80.20% | : |
| Czech Republic | National | 2008 | UZIS CR (2011) European Health Interview Survey in the Czech Republic EHIS 2008. Prague: UZIS CR (Institute of Health Information and Statistics). | Institute of Health Information and Statistics | : | Repeated 1993,1996,1999, 2002, 2008 (the first one with European modules) | health | 15+ | face-to-face | population registry | In the first stage 310 municipalities from the whole Czech Republic (their selection was based on stratification according to 14 regions and 6 municipality size groups) were selected and the number of groups of respondents (each group counted 8 persons) in each municipality was identified (according to size of population living in given municipality). Sampling procedure which led to selection of respondents (i.e. the second stage of sampling) was based on random generation of number, which was used as a base for step selecting the respondents within the set of respondents fulfilling the requested criteria (age range, municipality, sex). This step was repeated until the requested number of respondents from given municipality was reached. In total there were 4 000 respondents (aged 15 and more) selected. | none | Estimation of sampling weights and their adjustment was performed and the weight for each respondent was computed in 5 steps: Computation of sampling weight for each person based on probability of selection of the locality and on probability of selection of respondent in given locality Correction of the weights with reference to non-response for given stratum Correction of the weights with reference to the structure of population of CR (by sex and age categories 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75+ as of 31.12.2007 -more up to date data was not available at the time of construction of the weights) Correction of extreme weights (too low and too high weights were rounded to average value multiplied/divided by 3). 3 % of weights were cut by this procedure. Final correction of the weights with reference to the structure of population of CR and rounding those (4 decimal digits). | 55.70% | : |
| Czech Republic | National | 2009 | National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and INRES-SONES Agency (2009) Citizen Survey on Attitudes Towards Health and Lifestyle. Not published. | National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions (NFP). | Czech National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions and INRES-SONES Agency | first wave of repeated study | health/omnibus | 15+ | F2F P&P | population registry | Random sampling with quota for gender, age and region. Representative sample of the Czech Republic. Visited in households. | none | none | 90.70% | : |
| Czech Republic | National | 2010 | National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and INRES-SONES Agency (2010) Citizen Survey on Attitudes Towards Health and Lifestyle. Not published. | National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions (NFP). | Czech National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions and INRES-SONES Agency | repeated every year from 2009 | health/omnibus | 15+ | face-to-face interviews | population registry | quota sampling based on gender, age, region and level of education | none | no weighting | 90.20% | : |
| Czech Republic | National | 2010 | Zeman, P., Travnickova, I., Stefunkova, M. (2011) Selected Aspects of Drug Problematics from the Public Perspective. Prague: Institute for Criminology and Social Prevention. | Institute for Criminology and Social Prevention | : | single | crime | 15+ | face-to-face interviews | quota sampling based on population distribution in regions | quota sampling based on age, gender, education, region and size of the municipality | no | no weighting | : | : |
| Czech Republic | National | 2011 | Národní monitorovací stredisko pro drogy a drogové závislosti and Factum Invenio (2011) Prevalence užívání drog v populaci CR. Notes: Nepublikováno. (National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions and Factum Invenio Agency (2011) Prevalence of Drug Use in the Population of the Czech Republic. Notes: Unpublished.) | Czech National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions (Czech NFP), Office of the Government of the Czech Republic | : | Single in 2011, should be repeated every year | Omnibus | 15+ | Face-to-face interviews, interviewer completion, CAPI | Quota sampling - quota defined for gender, age, level of education, size of the place of residence and region | Requirements for quota given to interviewers. | No | Weighting applied according to gender, age, level of education, region and size of the place of residence. Weights were provided by the field work agency. | : | : |
| Denmark | National | 1990 | Use of Intoxicants in Denmark', The National Board of Health, published 1991. | : | : | : | : | >= 16 | phone | : | : | : | : | : | : |
| Denmark | National | 1994 | Health and morbidity in Denmark 1994. DIKE (now SIF), published 1995. | : | : | : | : | 16-44 | interviews | : | : | : | : | : | : |
| Denmark | National | 2000 | Kjøller M, Rasmussen NK (eds). Danish Health and Morbidity Survey 2000 & trends since 1987. Copenhagen, National Institute of Public Health, 2002. (In Danish with an English summary) | National Institute of Public Health and Ministry of Interior and Health. Questions about drugs were financed by The National Board of Health. | National Institute of Public Health | Single study | Health | 16+ | Face to face interview followed by a self-administered questionnaire. Questions about drugs were placed in the self-administered questionnaire. | Central Personal Register (population registry) | Simple random sampling | No | Yes | 63.50% | : |
| Denmark | National | 2005 | : | National Board of Health | National Institute of Public Health | Repeated combined cross sectional and longitudinal survey every 5 years | Multi purpose Health Interview Survey | 16+ | The carrier survey is face to face interview. The questions on drugs are administered by a self administered questionnaire, delivered at the interview, and afterwards sent by mail by the respondent | Population, single individual registry | Random sampling of individuals in the 5 main administrative regions, with same number of sampled citizens in each of the regions | None | yes according to region | : | : |
| Denmark | National | 2008 | Alcohol and drug survey (nothing published yet) | National Board of Health | The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark has conducted the data collection and the analyses) | Repeated | Alcohol and drugs | 16 years or older | Mail/web-based (self-administered) | Population registry | Region- and age stratified sampling | 16-19 year olds, 20-34 year olds and the region of Nordjylland | According to sampling probabilities (age and region) but the number of completed interviews are unweighted. | 57.40% | : |
| Denmark | National | 2010 | : | National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark National Board of Health Ministry of Interior and Health | National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark | Repeated survey (every five years) | Health survey | 16 years or older | All selected individuals received a self-administered questionnaire. It was also possible to complete a web-questionnaire. | Population registry | The survey was based on simple random sample of adult Danes (16 years or older) that are not protected from inquiries. | None | Weights constructed to take account for the different sampling probabilities. The weights also take account for the fact that different questions were asked in different combinations of subsamples and that both interview and self-administrated questionnaires were used. | 60.70% | It is currently not possible to publish the results regarding alcohol and tobacco. The results should first be published in a Danish report in 2011. |
| Germany | Western Germany | 1990 | : | : | : | : | : | 12-39 | : | : | : | : | : | : | |
| Germany | East Germany | 1990 | : | : | : | : | : | 12-39 | : | : | : | : | : | : | |
| Germany | Old and New Länder | 1995 | Herbst K, Kraus L and Scherer K. Representative survey on the use and abuse of alcohol, medicines, tobacco products and illegal drugs (BUND) 1995. ITF. Munich, 1995. Representative survey on the use and abuse of alcohol, pharmaceuticals, tobacco and illicit drugs | : | : | regular | use of both licit and illicit psychoactive substances | 18-59 | Mail survey | based on constituencies | three stages: sampling point -> household -> respondent. Sampling points are points in the constituencies, households are selected applying a random-route procedure, I;E. a systematic sample of households in a certain street | none | weighted according to gender, age, community size, household size, Bundesland | 64.80% | : |
| Germany | Old and New Länder | 1997 | Kraus L, Bauernfeind R. Representative survey on the use and abuse of alcohol, medicines, tobacco products and illegal drugs (BUND) 1997. IFT. Munich, 1998 | : | : | regular | use of both licit and illicit psychoactive substances | 18-59 | Mail survey | based on constituencies | three stages: sampling point -> household -> respondent. Sampling points are points in the constituencies, households are selected applying a random-route procedure, i.e. a systematic sample of households in a certain street | none | weighted according to gender, age, community size, household size, Bundesland | 64% | : |
| Germany | National | 2000 | Kraus, L. & Augustin R. (2001) Repräsentativerhebung zum Gebrauch psychoaktiver Substanzen bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland 2000.(Population Survey on the Consumption of Psychoactive Substances in the German Adult Population 2000). München : IFT Institut für Thearapieforschung. | BMGS: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und Soziale Sicherung, Federal Ministry for Health and Social security | IFT Institut for Therapy Research | repeated study | use of both licit and illicit psychoactive substances | 18-59 | Mail survey | population lists in the communities | two stages: community -> respondent, systematic sampling in the second stage. The sampling procedure differs from that in the 1995 survey and the 1997 survey There is no nationwide population list. Thus in a first stage communities were selected at random. | none | weighted according to gender, age, region (old Bundeslaender vs. new Bundeslaender) | 51% | The age group 15-18 is not covered as the survey is conducted only amongst adults. |
| Germany | National | 2003 | Kraus, L, & Augustin, R. (2005). Epidemiologischer Suchtsurvey 2003: Konzeption und Methodik In: Kraus, L. & Augustin R.. Repräsentativerhebung zum Gebrauch und Missbrauch psychoaktiver Substanzen bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland, Sucht, 50. Sonderheft 1, S6-S18. | BMGS: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und Soziale Sicherung, Federal Ministry for Health and Social security | IFT Institut for Therapy Research | repeated study | use of licit and illicit psychoactive substances | 18-59 | population lists in the community | two stages: community- respondent, systematic sampling in the second stage | none | weighted according to gender, age, region (old Bundeslaender vs. new Bundeslaender) | 54.60% | The age group 15-18 is not covered as the survey is conducted only amongst adults. Also the age-group 59-64 has not been included. It is planned to do this for the next survey. | |
| Germany | National | 2006 | Kraus, L., Pfeiffer-Gerschel, T. & Stonner, T. (in press). Illegale Drogen, Konsummuster und Trends. Ergebnisse des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurvey 2006. Sucht. | Federal Ministry of Health | IFT Munich | repeated | substance use | 18-64 | mixed mode, telephone and questionnaire | household registry | stratified cluster sampling | : | probability and post stratification weighting | : | : |
| Germany | National | 2009 | Kraus, L. & Pabst, A. (2010). Epidemiologischer Suchtsurvey 2009. Repräsentativerhebung zum Gebrauch und Missbrauch von psychoaktiven Substanzen bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland [2009 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse Among Adults in Germany], Sucht | BMG Federal Ministry of Health | IFT Institute for Therapy Research Munich | Repeated | Addiction (licit and illicit drugs, pathological gambling) | 18-64 | mail + phone + internet | population registry | Subjects were selected using a two-stage probability sampling design. At the first stage, 238 communities stratified by region and community size were selected proportional to population size. At the second stage, individuals were randomly selected from population registers. | Compared to the distribution of birth cohorts in the population, subjects were disproportionally sampled, with younger cohort groups being over- and older cohort groups undersampled. | Data were weighted to represent the distribution of birth cohort and gender in the general population of Germany. In addition, a design weight was applied to adjust for the disproportionally sampling of birth cohort groups. | 50.10% | : |
| Estonia | National | 1998 | Narusk, A. (toim.) Argielu Eestis 1999-ndatel aastatel. Tallinn: TPÜ RASI, lk 114. | : | : | repeated | different life domains- work, family, leisure, health / drugs | 18-70 | mailed questionnaire | The number of mailed questionnaire was 4686. The number of questionnaire that we did not reach the respondents (moved away, wrong address, dead etc) -313 (three hundred thirteen) | The sample was constructed by the helps lists of Population Registration Database of Estonia (random sampling). | No | To avoid elderly women's oversampling 150 (one hundred and fifty) questionnaires were excluded | 69% | : |
| Estonia | National | 2003 | Estonian Population Survey 2003 | : | Institute of International and Social Studies. | Repeated study. First population survey was 1993, second 1998 and third one 2003 | Family, work, leisure, economical situation, livelihood and health including drugs | 15-69 | mailed questionnaire | population registry | random sampling | : | by age, gender | 47.50% | : |
| Estonia | National | 2008 | : | Tallinn University (http://www.tlu.ee/) | Institute of International and Social Studies. (http://www.tlu.ee/?CatID=2467&LangID=1) | repeated | work/family/leisure/health/drugs | 15-69 | population registry | : | : | : | : | : | |
| Ireland | National | 1998 | Bryan,A., Moran,R., Farrell,E. and O'Brien,M. (2000) Drug-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs in Ireland. Dublin: Health Research Board | : | : | ad hoc (to be repeated) | general social omnibus survey | 18+ | questionnaire, face-to-face interview | Electoral Register | two-stage proportionate to size random sampling design | none | none | 64.50% | : |
| Ireland | National | 1998 | SLAN (Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition). Dept. Health Promotion, NUI, Galway. Drug section of survey not published | : | : | repeated (four years) | health and lifestyle behaviours | 18+ | postal, self administered questionnaire | electoral register | proportionate random sample based on health board population size, and urban/rural breakdown | none | none | 62.20% | : |
| Ireland | National | 2000 | Unpublished data from Irish Social Omnibus Survey - KAB2 | : | : | follow-up of 1998 study | general social omnibus survey | 18+ | questionnaire, face-to-face interview | Register of Electors for 2000 | two-stage proportionate random sampling procedure using probability proportionate to size (PPS) | none | none | 67% | : |
| Ireland | National | 2002/2003 | National Advisory Committee on Drugs (NACD) & Drugs and Alcohol Information and Research Unit (DAIRU). Bulletin 1: First results (revised) from the 2002/2003 Drug Prevalence Survey. Dublin: NACD & DAIRU, 2005. | National Advisory Committee on Drugs | Fieldwork carried out by MORI MRC | First in a series | Drugs only | 15-64 | face-to-face | household registry | Stratified (by health board) random selection of primary sampling units (Electoral Divisions). Households selected at random from within each primary sampling unit. | None | weighting by age, gender, area | : | : |
| Ireland | National | 2006/2007 | Unpublished data from the National Advisory Study on Drugs 2006/7 general population survey on the prevalence of drug use in Ireland. | National Advisory Committee on Drugs | National Advisory Committee on Drugs | Repeat of the 2002/3 survey | Drugs only | 15-64 | Face to face interview using CAPI | The An Post/Ordinance Survey Ireland Geo-Directory, as the primary sampling frame in Ireland. | The EMCDDA recommended multi-stage sampling method was used. | Residents in Ballymun in order to determine if this approach was useful in a small area | The sample were weighted by age, gender and health board area using the 2006 census data. | 65% | : |
| Ireland | National | 2010/11 | Drug Use in Ireland & Northern Ireland - First Results from the 2010/2011 Drug Prevalence Survey Bulletin 1 http://www.nacd.ie/publications/drug_use_ireland.html General population survey on drug use technical report (2012) http://www.nacd.ie/publications/index.html#general Drug Use in Ireland & Northern Ireland - First Results from the 2010/11 Drug Prevalence Survey – Bulletin 1 | National Advisory Committee on Drugs | National Advisory Committee on Drugs with assistance from the Research Advisory Group (including the Health Research Board) | Repeated every four years: 2002/3, 2006/7 and 2010/11 | drugs | 15-64 | Face-to-Face using CAPI | The survey used the An Post/Ordnance Survey Ireland GeoDirectory as the primary sampling frame. This file is comprehensive, regularly updated every 3 months, and has a reasonably high degree of accuracy. Additionally, this sampling frame was used in the 2002/2003 and 2006/2007 studies and was the RAG’s preferred sampling frame for the 2010/2011 study. | The sample was selected using a three stage process: random selection of the primary sampling units within specific geographical regions, random selection of addresses within primary sampling units and selection of individuals within the household using the next birthday rule. | There was over sampling in two small regions the midland and north west drugs task force areas. | Weighting was done using 2010 population estimates considering: age gender and size of primary sampling unit. | : | : |
| Greece | Athens | 1993 | University Mental Health Research Institute, 1998 | : | : | : | : | 12-64 | interviews | : | : | : | : | : | : |
| Greece | National (except Aegean and Ionian Islands) | 1998 | Kokkevi, A., Loukadakis, M., Plagianakou, S., Politikou, K., Stefanis, C.: Sharp increase in illicit drug use in Greece: Trends from a general population survey on licit and illicit drug use. European Addiction Research, 2000, Vol.6, 42-49. | University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI) | Organization Against Drugs (OKANA) | Repeated study | Health | 12-64 | Personal interview | Building blocks/residents within selected blocks | Multi-stage probability sample | Twelve to twenty four age group | Weighting by age groups | : | : |
| Greece | National (except Aegean and Ionian Islands) | 2004 | University Mental Health Research Institute, Greek National Population Survey on Licit and Illicit Substance Use, 2004 | Organisation Against Drugs (OKANA) | University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI) | Repeated study | Health, substance use | 12-64 | face-to-face, household | Building blocks registry | Multi-stage probability sample | Twelve to twenty four age group | Weighting by age, gender and geographical stratum | : | : |
| Spain | National | 1995 | Household Survey on Drugs 1995. National Plan on Drugs | : | : | : | : | 15+ | interviews | : | : | : | : | : | : |
| Spain | National | 1997 | Household Survey on Drugs 1997. National Plan on Drugs | : | : | repeated study (every two years) | drugs only | 15-65 | Survey. Questions about drug consumption were obtained by means of a self-administered questionnaire. The rest of the questions were answered in a face to face interview. In both cases, the survey took place at the contestant’s home. | Spanish population, males and females, from 15 to 65 age | multi-stage sampling, stratified according to congregations, with previous selection of primary units (councils) and secondary units (sectors) following a proportional random method and the selection of the final units (individuals) by means of a system | 15-39 | Uneven distribution of interviews among autonomic regions, oversampling low-populated regions in order to allow more precise estimates at regional level. The age distribution is also uneven; people between 15 and 39 years of age were also oversampled in order to obtain a higher number o interviews from the population group with the highest drug consumption hazard. This irregular interview distribution in both autonomic regions and age groups keep us from directly adding the results together. Adequate weighting procedures had to be applied by means of a raising system (System de elevadores), 380 altogether, to gender, age in 5 year groups an territorial habits (17 autonomic regions and autonomic towns- Ceuta y Melilla-), to level the sampling rates in order to present estimate results in absolute. | : | : |
| Spain | National | 1999 | Household Survey on Drugs 1999. National Plan on Drugs | : | : | Repeated study (biannual) | Drugs only | 15-65 | Face-to-face interview and self-administrated questionnaire | People from main family household | multi-stage sampling, stratified according to congregations, with previous selection of primary units (councils) and secondary units (sectors) following a proportional random method and the selection of the final units (individuals) by means, first, of a systematics selection of the homes and, them, selecting individuals by an aleatory numbers table. | Regions with small population and 15-39 age group | Uneven distribution of interviews among autonomic regions, oversampling low-populated regions in order to allow more precise estimates at regional level. The age distribution is also uneven; people between 15 and 39 years of age were also oversampled in order to obtain a higher number o interviews from the population group with the highest drug consumption hazard. This irregular interview distribution in both autonomic regions and age groups keep us from directly adding the results together. Adequate weighting procedures had to be applied by means of a raising system (Sistema de elevadores), 380 altogether, to gender, age in 5 year groups an territorial habits (17 autonomic regions and autonomic towns- Ceuta y Melilla-), to level the sampling rates in order to present estimate results in absolute. | : | : |
| Spain | National | 2001 | : | Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (Ministerio del Interior) | SIGMA DOS | Repeated study (biannual) | Drugs only | 15-64 | Face-to-face interview and self-administrated questionnaire | People from main family household | multi-stage sampling, stratified according to congregations, with previous selection of primary units (councils) and secondary units (sectors) following a proportional random method and the selection of the final units (individuals) by means, first, of a systematic selection of the homes and, them, selecting individuals by an aleatory numbers table. | Regions with small population and 15-39 age group | Uneven distribution of interviews among autonomic regions, oversampling low-populated regions in order to allow more precise estimates at regional level. The age distribution is also uneven; people between 15 and 39 years of age were also oversampled in order to obtain a higher number o interviews from the population group with the highest drug consumption hazard. This irregular interview distribution in both autonomic regions and age groups keep us from directly adding the results together. Adequate weighting procedures had to be applied by means of a raising system (System de elevadores), 380 altogether, to gender, age in 5 year groups an territorial habits (17 autonomic regions and autonomic towns- Ceuta y Melilla-), to level the sampling rates in order to present estimate results in absolute. | : | : |
| Spain | National | 2003 | Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas. Observatorio Español sobre Drogas. Informe 2004. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 2005. | Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas ( Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo) | SIGMA 2 | Repeated Study (biennial) | Drugs only | 15-64 | Face to face interview and self-administered questionnaire | People from main family household | Multi-stage sampling, stratified according to congregations, with previous selection of primary units (census sections) and secondary units (household) following a proportional random method and the selection of the final units (individuals) by an aleatory numbers table. | Regions with small population and 15-39 age group | Uneven distribution of interviews among autonomic regions, oversampling low-populated regions in order to allow more precise estimates at regional level. The age distribution is also uneven; people between 15 and 39 years of age were also oversampled in order to obtain a higher number o interviews from the population group with the highest drug consumption hazard. This irregular interview distribution in both autonomic regions and age groups keep us from directly adding the results together. Adequate weighting procedures had to be applied by means of a raising system, 380 altogether, to gender, age in 5 year groups an territorial habits (17 autonomic regions and autonomic towns- Ceuta y Melilla-), to level the sampling rates in order to present estimate results in absolute. | : | : |
| Spain | National | 2005/2006 | Reference of the study: Encuesta Domiciliaria sobre Alcohol y Drogas en España, 2005-2006 (http://www.pnsd.msc.es/Categoria2/observa/pdf/Domiciliaria2005-2006.pdf) | Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas. MSC | DGPNSD. MSC | Repeated | Drugs only | 15-64 | Drug use questions: self-completed by respondent with paper-and-pen (PAPI). Other questions: Face-to-face interview. | Census sections registry and household registry | Three-stage random design (census sections, households, individuals). Census sections selected by stratified random sampling (stratified by autonomous community). Households selected by non-probabilistic method (systematic random routes procedure). Subjects selected by stratified random sampling (stratified by age). | Yes, age 15-39 and autonomous communities (AC) sparsely populated (sample distribution by AC was directly proportional to square root of population of each AC). | Yes (by age, sex and autonomous community) | 49.9%. The main reasons of non-response were: household refusals (22.6%), absence of all household members (15.9%), refusal of person selected to be interviewed (6.1%), absence of the person selected (5.1%). | 12. Sedatives and/tranquilisers (total) (EMQ): Only |
| Spain | National | 2007/2008 | Delegacion del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas. Observatorio Español sobre Drogas. Situacion y tendencias de los problemas de drogas en España. Informe 2007. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 2008 | Delegacion del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas | COMPLE SER | : | DRUGS ONLY | 15-64 | Face-to-face and self-completed (paper and pencil) for drug use questions | Census sections registry. Household registry | Three-stage cluster sampling: census sections were the sampling unit in the first stage, households by random routes in the second, and one individual in each household in the third. | 15-39 years. Regions with few population | age, region and sex | 50.3% IC: 'This calculation is based in the assumption of a simple random sampling. However, the sampling procedure used was a three stage cluster sampling. Thus, the real variance is greater'. | : |
| Spain | National | 2009 | : | Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs | SIGMADOS | Repeated study every two years | Drugs only | 15-64 | Face to face and self completed (paper and pencil) for drug use questions. No personal identification data are required nor registered. | Census sections registry. Household registry. | Census sections registry. Household registry. Three-stage cluster sampling: census sections were the sampling unit in the first stage, households by random routes in the second, and one individual in each household in the third. Method is good, but not fully probabilistic. | 15-39 years old and regions with few population | : | : | : |
| Spain | National | 2011 | Encuesta Domiciliaria sobre Alcohol y Drogas en España (EDADES) 2011. Spanish Household survey conducted by the Spanish Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs. Data has not been published yet. | Spanish Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs | Análisis e Investigación S.L. | Repeated study every two years | Drugs only | 15-64 | The questionnaire used consisted of two parts: one for administering by means of a face-to-face interview (which included all the questions, except those concerning alcohol and drug use); and another for self-administering using paper and pen (questions on drug use). | Census sections registry. Household registry. | A sampling was done by conglomerates in several stages (census sections, households and individuals within the household). | 15-39 years old and regions with few population | In the analysis, the data was weighted in accordance to the population universe given by the National Institute of Statistics (INE) for the 2011 year. The sample was weighted on the basis of population by Autonomous Communities (geographical area), municipality size, age and gender for reinstating the representativeness of the sample. | 49.50% | : |
| France | National | 1992 | Baudier F., Dressen C., Alias F. (1994). Baromètre Santé 92, CFES, Paris | : | : | : | : | 18-75 | phone | : | : | : | : | : | : |
| France | Metropolitan France | 1995 | Baudier F and Arenes J. Barométre Santé adultes 1995. CFES, 1997 | : | : | Repeated | Health | 18-75 | phone/CAT | Telephone files | Simple random, within household : birthday | No | By age, gender, geographical region, kind of dwelling | 75.50% | : |
| France | National | 1999 | Beck F. and Peretti-Watel P. Survey EROPP 1999, OFDT 2000 | : | : | repeated | drugs only | 15-75 | phone/cati | quotas sampling | : | no | sex, age, region, urban category, profession | : | the main aim of this survey was to describe opinions on drug addiction. Prevalence questions were nevertheless asked. There may be an underestimation of reality as people who are often outside home are underrepresented. |
| France | National | 2000 | Beck F., Legleye S., Peretti-Watel P. 2001. Illicit drugs: uses and attitudes. In Guilbert P., Baudier F., Gautier A. (dir.). Baromètre Santé 2000 CFES-OFDT | : | : | repeated | health | 12-75 | Phone/CATI | Telephone files | Simple random,within household : birthday | no | By age, gender, geographical region, kind of dwelling | : | : |
| France | Metropolitan France | 2002 | Beck F., Legleye S. and Peretti-Watel P. Penser les drogues : perceptions des produits et des politiques publiques. Enquête sur les représentations opinions et perceptions sur les produits psychotropes (EROPP 2002), OFDT, 2003. | OFDT | SOFRES | repeated | drugs only | 15-75 | phone/CATI | quotas sampling | For this survey, there is no gross sample size because a quota sampling survey was preferred to a probability sampling. This method is less time and money consuming, and previous studies that compared the two sampling methods in the field of public health concluded that quota sample surveys were an acceptable alternative to probability sample surveys. The sample was first stratified by geographical area and size of town. Then 2009 respondents were selected with quota controls for gender, age range and occupation. In order to approximate to a stratified random sample, respondents were chosen at random within each household. Among members of the household aged 15�75 years, the ‘next birthday� method was used to choose which member of the household should be asked to participate in the survey (i.e. the investigator asked which person�s birthday came up next). If this person was absent or could not respond at once, the investigator proposed a later appointment. In case of refusal, he/she was not replaced by anoth | no | sex, age, region, urban category, profession | : | The main aim of this survey was to describe opinions on drug addiction. Prevalence questions were nevertheless asked. Comparisons with previous surveys show that there is no underestimation of reality as people who are often outside home are underrepresented. The alcohol question was asked on the last 7 days. |
| France | National | 2005 | Baromètre santé 2005, INPES-OFDT. Beck F., Legleye S., Spilka S. (2006) « Drogues illicites : Pratiques et attitudes ». In Guilbert P., Gautier A. (dir.) Baromètre santé 2005. Saint-Denis, INPES, to be published | INPES | : | Repeated | Health | 12-75 | CATI | diary + random digit dialling for 'mobiles only' | probabilistic | No | sex, age, region, urban category, profession | : | Poppers was also investigated in this survey. Its prevalence is the most important after cannabis. |
| France | National | 2010 | BECK F., TOVAR M.-L., SPILKA S., GUIGNARD R., RICHARD J.-B. Les niveaux d’usage des drogues en France en 2010, exploitation des données du Baromètre santé 2010 Tendances nº76, 2011, 6 p | INPES | INPES and OFDT | Repeated study (1995-2000-2005-2010) | health | 15-85 | The mode of data collection has been conducted using a computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) system | Household telephone numbers were generated at random using French area codes from 01 to 05 (“geographic zones”), which allowed ex-directory numbers to be surveyed. | To be eligible, a household had to have at least one person in the age range under consideration (15 to 85 for the Baromètre santé 2010) and speak French Individuals were selected at random from among the eligible members of the household. If unavailable, an other telephone session was suggested. | : | The sample was then weighted according to the probability of sampling within a household, and the metropolitan areas adjusted according to age, socio-professional categories, economic status and marital status, which were obtained from the 1999 census data. | : | : |
| Italy | National | 2001 | Relazione Annuale al Parlamento sullo Stato delle Tossicodipendenze in Italia 2002. Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali, Dipartimento per le Politiche Sociali e Prevedenziali. Roma 2003 | Italian Observatory on Drugs and Drug Addiction, Ministry of Labour and Social Policy (the Observatory was formerly located in the Department for Social Affairs of the Presidency of the Council) | Epidemiological Section of the Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council | single | drug survey | 15-44 | mail (Postal survey to 12000 people with a letter of explanation, the questionnaire, a pre-paid envelope to return the questionnaire and a post card to indicate the response or that there is a limited or no response. Re-issue of the questionnaire etc. to | Jan 2001 - May 2001 | stratified random sampling from resident population | no | yes | The response rate of 48,2% refers to returned questionnaires. Including returned post cards, where questionnaires had not been completed, the overall response was 56,8% | : |
| Italy | National | 2003 | Relazione Annuale al Parlamento sullo Stato delle Tossicodipendenze in Italia 2003. Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali, Roma, 2004. | Italian Observatory on Drugs and Drug Addiction (OIDT), Ministry of Labour and Social Policy | Epidemiology Section, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council | single | drugs | 15-54 | register of the resident population | stratified random sampling from the resident population | no | : | 34.40% | : | |
| Italy | National | 2005 | Relazione Annuale al Parlamento sullo stato delle tossicodipendenze in Italia, Ministero della Solidarietà Sociale, Roma, 2006. IPSAD Italia | Italian Observatory on Drugs and Drug Addiction | Epidemiology Section, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council | repeated | drugs | 15-64 | register of the resident population | multistage stratified random sampling from resident population | no | no | : | : | |
| Italy | National | 2008 | Annual Report to Parliament on drugs and drug addiction in Italy, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Antidrug Policies Department, Rome 2008. IPSAD Italia | Italian Observatory on Drugs and Drug Addiction. | Epidemiology Section, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council | repeated | drugs | 15-64 | register of the resident population | Multistage stratified random sampling from resident population | No | No | : | As reported data are referred to the first step (2007) of the study IPSAD 2007-2008, they are preliminary (the IPSAD methodology implies a new submission of the questionnaire to non responder subjects). The final data will be published in 2009. | |
| Italy | National | 2012 | : | Italian Department for Anti-drug Policies (DPA) - Italian Presidency of the Council of Ministers | Italian Observatory on drugs and drug addiction - Italian Department for Anti-drug Policies (DPA) | Repeated | Drugs only | 18-64 years | Mail, through self-completion questionnaire (paper and pencil) | Municipal population registry | The final interviewees were selected from the municipal population registry extracting a simple random sample, stratified by age group (18-24, 25-34, 35-64 years) and geographical area (north-west of Italy, north-east, center, south and islands). | : | The sampling weights were calculated by municipality and age group | : | : |
| Cyprus | National | 2003 | Open Therapeutic Community for Drug Addicted Persons (TOLMI), 2003: Steps to Prevent Drug Abuse | United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) | Open Therapeutic Community for Drug Addicted Persons (TOLMI) | single | health/ drugs | 15-65 | face-to-face interviews | national household registry | multi-stage stratified random selection | : | age | : | : |
| Cyprus | National - areas controlled by the Republic of Cyprus | 2006 | Intercollege Research Centre and Institute for Social Innovation, 2006: Pancyprian General Population Survey on Tobacco, Alcohol and other Drugs. | Cyprus Anti-Drugs Council. | Intercollege Research Centre and Institute for Social Innovation. | Single (first step of a series of studies, which will be carried out every three years). | health/ drugs | 15-64 | Face-to-face (self-completion) | Geographical maps. (Used for the selection of starting points. Selection and distribution of starting points based on area type and district, taking into consideration the density of population). | Multistage proportionate stratified random sampling. | Age groups 15-24 and 25-34. | By age and gender. | 64.8%. The total of the net response by age group does not sum up to 3504, because there were 46 cases with missing values. | : |
| Cyprus | National | 2009 | Cyprus Anti-Drugs Council (2009): Pancyprian General Population Survey on Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Psychoactive Substances - Final Report | Cyprus Anti-Drugs Council. | University of Nicosia. | Repeated. | Drugs. | 15-64. | Face-to-face (self completion). | Geographical maps. | At the stage of selection of individuals: none. At the stage of selection of areas: urban: none (used maps); rural: census bureau list of all populated rural communities (sampling was weighted by population size). | 15-24, 25-34 | Age and gender (to compensate oversampled groups 15-34 years of age). | 68.40% | The number provided in the subsection 8.1.9 refers to the number of participants with a valid answer on gender and age. |
| Latvia | National | 2003 | Drug abuse prevalence in Latvia. Population Survey Report 2003. 2003: Institute of Philosophy and Sociology. University of Latvia. | Narcology Centre (National Focal Point) Finaced by Phare 2000 National Programme for Latvia | Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the University of Latvia | The first nation wide population survey on drug abuse prevalence | EMQ supplemented with questions on respondents socio-economic background, behavioral patterns, attitudes toward drug problem | 15-64 | Face to face interview. Sometimes the most sensitive parts was competed by respondents themselves | National Population Register | Multistage stratified random sampling | 15-24 year-old population | By age and the separate weights were calculated for each of the 61 sampling strata. | : | : |
| Latvia | National | 2007 | General population survey on alcohol and other drugs | Public Health Agency (from funding allocated in the State budget (Drug Action Plan)) | Institute of Sociological Research | Single | Drugs and alcohol (for alcohol questions Quantity-Frequency (QF) and Graduated Frequency (GF) questions included) | 15-64 | face-to-face interviews with prevalence questions filled-in by respondents themselves | Household data from the State Land Service | Stratified random sampling | 15-24 | Age groups, gender and level of urbanization | : | 1) No questions on specifying psychoactive medicines used in last month were included. for less burden on respondents and taking into account previous study results, all questions on medicines were included in one group of questions thus it might be difficult to compare with 2003 data. 2) questions on alcohol use are not fully compliant with EMQ since LYP and LMP calculated from QF variables. |
| Latvia | National | 2011 | Snikere, S., Trapencieris, M., Koroleva, I., Mierina, I., Priekule, S., Aleksandrovs, A., & Jankovskis, M. (2012). Atkaribu izraisošo vielu lietošana iedzivotaju vidu 2011. Analitisks parskats. Riga: Slimibu profilakses un kontroles centrs | The Centre of Health Economics (as of 04.2012 - The Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) | Baltic Institute of Social Sciences, institute of Sociological Research | Repeated | Drugs and alcohol | 15–64 | Face-to-face paper and pencil personal interviews. | Register of households from the State Land Service. Population register is not availbale for conducting research. | The addresses were randomly sampled from the sampling frame. In the household the nearest birthday method was employed for selecting a person for interview. If the person sampled was not available the interviewers were instructed to agree on a later time for interview. The procedures provide a probabilistic sample as on the final stage for choosing respondents probabilistic approach is implemented and design effect is accounted for. | 15–24 year old population | Due to over-sampling of 15–24 year old population weighting was applied. The weighting principles employed were: 1) probability of household being included in the sample, 2) correction for non-response according to 5-year age and gender groups. | 62.30% | : |
| Lithuania | National | 2004 | Prevalence of psychoactive substance use in Lithuania. Drug Control Department under the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, 2005. | Drug Control Department under the Government of the Republic of Lithuania | Institute of Sociology | First study, planned to be repeated in 2008 | Based EMQ. Tobacco, alcohol, drugs. Also included questions on drug availability, public opinion and behaviour | 15-64 | Face-to-face interview; self administered questionnaire | 2001 Population and Housing Census, Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania | multistage stratified random sampling. Valid gross sample size is not available. Field work agency did not count frame errors. There were counted only all households and interviews: disagreement to participate, absent, respondent was sick, was not at home. | 15-24 | By age and gender | 56.40% | : |
| Lithuania | National | 2008 | Narkotik kontrols departamentas prie Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybs. 2008. Metinis praneimas 2008. Vilnius: UAB 'Baltijos kopija'. | Drug Control Department under the Government of the Republic of Lithuania | LTD 'Factus Dominus' | Repeated study | Psychoactive materials | 15-64 | Face - to - face | Population registry, 2008 | Stratificated sampling procedure | young people, 15-24 | weighting procedure by age and gender | 82.90% | : |
| Luxembourg | National | 1998 | Fischer U. CH. Krieger, W. Suchtpräventioun an der Gemeng - Entwicklung. Durchführung und Evaluation eines Modells zur gemeindeorientierten Suchtprävention. CePT. Luxembourg, 1998. | : | : | single | drugs prevention | 12-64 | self reported questionnaire | : | households in representatives regional communities | : | : | : | : |
| Hungary | National | 2001 | Paksi Borbála: Drogok és feln�ttek. A tizennyolc év feletti lakosság drogfogyasztása és droggal kapcsolatos gondolkodása az ezredfordulón, Magyarországon. Szakmai forrás sorozat. 4. L�Harmattan. Budapest, 2003 | ISM | Budapest University of Economic Sciences and Public Administration, Behaviour Research Centre | single | alcohol and drug | 18-65 | Combined� method partly through face to face interviews moderated by questioners, partly through questionnaires filled in individually | Hungarian citizens aged between 18-65. The data necessary for the sample frame was taken from the database of the Central Data Processing, Registration and Election Office. | Random stratified sampling: In the countryside sub-sample, first municipalities stratified according to the regional location and size were selected; then came individuals to be questioned through a simple random sampling. The Budapest sub-sample was selected in one single step stratified according to districts. Standard margin: 2.1% in the national data. Errors outside the sample: Equals to the level of other research carried out according to international standards | population of Budapest | Weighted sample: national sample layered by location + Budapest sample layered by age and gender | : | : |
| Hungary | National | 2003 | Elekes Zsuzsanna, Paksi Borbála: A 18-54 éves feln�ttek alkohol- és egyéb drogfogyasztási szokásai - Kutatási beszámoló. | National Research and Development Program | Budapest University of Economic Sciences and Public Administration, Behaviour Research Centre | repeated study | alcohol, tobacco and other drugs | 18-54 | combined method: face to face and self administrated | Hungarian citizens aged between 18-54 (database of central Data Processing Registration and Election Office) | random stratified sampling by location and size of municipalities and age groups | 18-34 years old population in Budapest and bigger cities | national sample weighted by age groups, location and size of municipalities, 18-34 years old sub-sample in Budapest also weighted by gender | 91.60% | : |
| Hungary | National | 2007 | Paksi B., Arnold P.: A magyarorszagi felnott nepesseg drogerintettsege - uj fejlemenyek. MAT VI. Orszagos Kongresszusa. 2007. november 22-24. Siofok, Addiktologia/Addictologia Hungarica 2007. VI. Supplementum 1. pp. 49; Paksi B., Arnold P., Demetrovics Zs., Kun B., Rozsa S. (2007): A droghasznalat tarsadalmi mintazatanak egyes aspektusai a magyarorszagi felnott nepesseg koreben. MAT VI. Orszagos Kongresszusa. 2007. november 22-24. Siofok, Addiktologia/Addictologia Hungarica. VI. Supplementum 1. pp. 50.; Paksi B.: A felnott nepesseg droghasznelata - ujabb eredmenyek. Kabitoszerugyi Koordinacios Bizottsag, Budapest, 2007. oktober. 4., (presentation at the Coordination Committee on Drug Affairs, 4 October 2007) | National Institute for Drug Prevention and National Focal Point | Corvinus University of Budapest, Institute of Behavioural Sciences and Communication Theory, Centre for Behavioural Research | Repeated study (previous studies in 2001 and 2003) | Mostly drug related questions but it also included questions on behavioural addictions such as gambling, eating disorder, problem internet use, exercise addiction, compulsive buying behaviour, work addiction | 18-64 | Face to face interview combined with self-report questionnaire | The 18-64 year old permanent population of Hungary having a valid address (on the 1st January 2006)registered by the Central Office for Administrative and Electronic Public Services (6662587 people) | Sampling was carried out in 1 step in Budapest and in 2 steps outside Budapest. Outside Budapest: a random, stratified sample of settlements was chosen based on the regional position (5 regions) and the size of settlement (6 categories) as the first step. As the second step, a random, stratified sample of respondents was chosen based on age (5 categories). In Budapest, a random, stratified sample of respondents was chosen based on the main age groups (18-34 and 35-64) and on the districts. | Double oversampling of 18-34 year old people living in Budapest was applied. | Matrix weighting according to stratum categories was applied. | 52.70% | : |
| Malta | National | 2001 | Licit and Illicit Drug Use in Malta 2001. ISBN 99932-19-04-5 | National Commission on the abuse of drugs, alcohol and other dependencies | : | single | life-style | 18-64 | face-to-face | electoral register | stratified random sampling | yes | gender, age, area of residence, marital status, education, employment and financial situation | 65.80% | The survey questionnaire was based on the European model questionnaire for surveys and prevalence of drug use in the gen pop developed by the EMCDDA to which questions about life-style, gambling and service utilisation were added |
| Netherlands | National | 1997/1998 | Abraham M, Cohen P, Van Til RJ, De Winter M. Licit and illicit drug use in the Netherlands. UvA/CBS, CEDRO, Amsterdam, 1999 | : | : | The 1997 National Survey is repeated for the second time in 2000. fieldwork in 1997 and 1998 | legal and illegal drugs | 12+ | face to face CAPI | all persons in the municipal population registry of the Netherlands, recorded on January 1st 1997 of age 12 and older (for Utrecht this date is January 1st 1995). | two stage sampling (1: municipalities 2: persons) | 4 largest cities (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht), and the age group 12 to 18 | post stratification; subgroups are defined by stratum (9 independent address areas in the Netherlands), age, gender and marital status | : | : |
| Netherlands | National | 2001 | Secondary analysis: Abraham M, Kaal H, Cohen P (2002). Licit and illicit drug use in the Netherlands 2001. CEDRO/Mets en Schilt. Amsterdam. | Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports | : | repeated study; conducted in 1997 and to be repeated in every 3 to 4 years of time | stand-alone: the use of licit and illicit drugs | 12+ | Multi Method and CAPI. For the secondary analysis the MM data are kept aside. | all persons in the municipal population registry of the Netherlands aged 12 years and over (at the moment of sampling) | two-stage stratified sampling (1: municipalities; 2: persons) | Persons registered in Amsterdam and Rotterdam; and persons in the age-group 12 to 19 | post stratification; subgroups are defined by 7 strata (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, 5 address density areas in the Netherlands), | : | MM is a new developed data collection method. The basic principle of MM is that respondents get the opportunity to choose how and when they want to participate in the survey. People in the MM sample receive an invitation to participate in the survey by mail. They can participate by: paper questionnaire (enclosed); questionnaire on disk (enclosed); or questionnaire on internet. Follow up of non-reacting people are within 3 weeks, by phone (CATI; computer assisted telephone interview); or mail (if phone number is private). For a more detailed description of MM please see Abraham, et al. (2002), Licit and illicit drug use in the Netherlands 2001. To make a fair comparison, only based on CAPI data, in these secondary analyses the MM data are kept aside. |
| Netherlands | National | 2005 | Rodenburg G, Spijkerman R, Van den Eijnden R, Van de Mheen D (2007). Nationaal Prevalentie Onderzoek Middelengebruik 2005 (National Prevalence Survey on Substance Use 2005). Rotterdam: IVO (Addiction Research Institute) | Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports | Addiction Research Institute Rotterdam | repeated study; conducted in 1997, 2001 and 2005. To be repeated in every 4 years of time | stand-alone: the use of licit and illicit drugs | 15-64 | Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) | all persons in the municipal population registry of the Netherlands aged 15 to 64 years inclusive (at the moment of sampling) | two-stage stratified sampling (1: municipalities; 2: persons) | : | post stratification by age, gender, marital status, address density, household size, response month | : | In 2005 data were collected in two ways: by means of CAPI and by means of an online access panel. Because of possible mode-effects with the online access panel and to make a pure comparison with the data from 2001 and 1997 only CAPI-data are used for measuring prevalence of substance use. The data collection of the CAPI part of the survey was executed by Statistics Netherlands (CBS). Statistics Netherlands incorporated the prevalence survey on substance use into its integrated survey on household living conditions (POLS) 2005. Because of that some questions on substance use lack or differ from the EMQ. Because of the relatively low number of CAPI-respondents (4,516) it is not possible to give last year and last month prevalence for all substances. It is also not possible to split all substances by gender and age group. |
| Netherlands | National | 2009 | Van Rooij, A.J., Schoenmakers, T.M., Van de Mheen, D. (2011). Nationaal Prevalentie Onderzoek Middelengebruik 2009: kerncijfers 2009. Rotterdam: IVO. | Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport (VWS) | Addiction Research Institute Rotterdam (IVO) in co-operation with Statistics Netherlands (CBS) | Repeated study, that is: a monitor, the NPO | Health | 15 up to including 64 years | Questions on drugs were completed by Computer-Assisted Self Interview (CASI). | population registry | : | : | Weighting was done by means of the program BASCULA, the standard procedure conducted by Statistics Netherlands (CBS). | : | Other 1 = GHB Other 2 = hallucinogenic mushrooms |
| Austria | National | 2004 | Uhl A., Springer A., Kobrna U., Gnambs T., Pfarrhofer D. (2005): Österreichweite Repräsentativerhebung zum Substanzgebrauch - Erhebung 2004, Wien , Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und Frauen | Austrian Federal Ministry of Health and Women | Market Institute (carried out the survey) and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Addiction Research (preparation, processing and interpretation of survey) | single | licit and illicit drugs | 14 - 100 | face-to-face interviews | random-route approach | random-route approach | The province of Carinthia is oversampled by 200 cases on purpose | by provinces | : | : |
| Austria | National | 2008 | Uhl, A.; Strizek, J.; Springer, A.; Kobrna, U.; Pfarrhofer, D. (2009): Österreichweite Repräsentativerhebung zu Substanzgebrauch, Erhebung 2008, Forschungsbericht. Wien, undesministerium für Gesundheit, Familie und Jugend | Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (Ministry of Health) | Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut fü Suchtforschung | Survey repeated every 4 years | Substance use of legal and illegal drugs | 15-93 years | Face-to-face | random sampling using household registry | 2 sample of adresses were drawn: one for people aged 25 or older, one for the agegroup of 15 to 24 years old. If more than one target person was found within a household, the interview partner was randomely selected using the 'birthday-method'. | Young adults (15 - 24 years) were oversampled to allow more specific analysis for this age group. For global analysis the dataset was weighted according to the age distribution of the austrian population. | data weighted by age and gender | 34.40% | : |
| Poland | National | 2002 | Sieroslawski, J. 'Psychoactives Substances and Behaviours'. National Bureau for Drug Prevention, 2002. | National Bureau for Drug Prevention | : | It is first study, it will be repeated | drugs and alcohol | 16+ | face-to-face interview | Not available | : | some regions and cities | to balance overestimation of some regions and cities and additionally by gender, age city-village, and educational level | : | : |
| Poland | National | 2006 | Sieroslawski, J. (2006) 'Substancje psychoaktywne. Postawy i zachowania. Raport z ogólnopolskich badan ankietowych zrealizowanych w 2006r.' Krajowe Biuro ds. Przeciwdzialania Narkomanii. Warszawa (http://www.narkomania.gov.pl) | National Bureau for Drug Prevention | National Bureau for Drug Prevention (National Focal Point) | repeated study | drug use, alcohol drinking, opinions and believes on substance use and abuse and drug policy | 15-64 | face-to-face check if has self completion section | first stage-list of communities second stage-register of addresses third stage-list of household members produced by an interviewer | Three stage sampling design was applied. First stage involved layer drawing from communities. The layers were created by crossing two criteria: region (16 layers) with classes of local type and size (4 layers - villages, towns below 50,000 inhabitants, tow | The age group 15-34 and Warsaw's inhabitants were oversampled. The distribution of the gross sample was as follows: 1. Age group 15-34 67% 2. Age group 35-64 33% 3. Warsaw 24% 4. The rest of the country 76% | Surveys from the sample of Warsaw were included in the nationwide sample with respective weights balancing the differences resulting from over representation. The weights were also used to balance differences in basic feature distribution (sex, 5 age groups, type of area urban vs. rural) arising in the course of the survey. | Response rate by gender and age groups is unavailable due to sampling design (distribution of age and gender in the sample frame is unknown because drop out was mainly on the household level). | : |
| Poland | National | 2010 | : | National Bureau for Drug Prevention -Reitox Focal Point | National Bureau for Drug Prevention (National Focal Point) | repeated study | drug use, tabacco, alcohol drinking, opinions and believes on substance use and abuse and drug policy, gambling | 15-64 | face-to-face | first stage - list of communities, second stage - register of addresses, third stage - list of household members produced by interviewer | Three stage sampling design was applied. First stage involved layer drawing from communities.The layers were created by crossing two criteria: region (16 layers) with classes of local type and size (4 layers - villages, towns below 50,000 inhabitants, towns 50,000-200,000 inhabitants, cities above 200,000 inhabitants). As a result 64 layers were created and random drawing of communities was conducted in each of them independently and proportionally to the size of layer. The drawing pool was constituted of all communities. In the second stage register of addresses was used as a pool. The communities selected in the first drawing were the source of finding households from where the respondents were sought. The third stage of drawing involved random selection of people from those residing at a particular address. This stage involved using a Kish grid by the interviewes. The first step of the procedure was entering into a Kish grid the initials of all people aged 16 and older residing at the selected address. The | Young people aged 15-34 | The weights were also used to balance differences in basic feature distribution (sex, 5 age groups, type of area urban vs. rural, region) arising in the course of the survey. | 71% | : |
| Portugal | National | 2001 | Balsa, C. et al. (2003), Inquérito nacional ao consumo de substâncias psicoactivas na população portuguesa 2001. IDT, Lisboa. | IPDT | CEOS - Investigações Sociológicas / UNL | It is first study, it will be repeated | Licit and illicit psychoactive substances | 15-64 | Interview | List of statistical sections - National Statistic Institute | Multi stage random sample | None | By age, gender and geographical region | 94.6%. Computed by EMCDDA as an approximation Net response/Gross sample. Although probably it is an over estimation of response rate. | : |
| Portugal | National | 2007 | Balsa, C. et al. (2007). Inquérito nacional ao consumo de substâncias psico-activas na população portuguesa 2007. IDT, Lisboa. | Institute for Drugs and Drug Addiction (IDT) | CEOS- investigações sociológicas | Repeated study (first in 2001) | Licit and illicit psychoactive substances | 15-64 | Face to face by CAPI | List of statistical sections - National Statistic Institute | Multi stage random sample | None | By age, gender and geographical region | : | : |
| Romania | National | 2004 | : | This study was entirely carried out with financial support granted by the World Bank 'Rising to the challenges of AIDS: a comprehensive, coordinated and multi-sectorial response in Romania' | : | Single | Drugs only | 15-64 | face-to-face | household registry | The sampling method can be described as probabilistic, stratified and multi-stage. The list of the last national census (2002) represented the sampling database and the stratification variables were the size and type of the habitats (of the border or inside the country). Depending on the first stratification variable resulted three types of urban units and two types of rural units: small urban area (under 10,000 households), medium urban area (10,001-50,000 households), large urban area (over 50,001 households), respectively district and village. In the end, 30 stratifications were obtained. | For Bucharest, the resulted sample was strengthened with 500 people (over-sampling), because the Rapid Assessment Evaluations indicated a high prevalence of illegal drug abuse in this area | By age group, gender, geographical area, habitat type (size: rural, small urban, big urban) | : | : |
| Romania | National | 2007 | Handbook for surveys on drug use among the general population, EMCDDA, Lisbon, August 2002 Drug Use Prevalence in Romania - 2004 - General Population Survey, - EMCDDA, 2005 García M. Sociestadística: Introducción a la Estadística en Sociología. Madrid: Alianza editorial; 2003 Romanian Statistics Yearbook, National Institute of Statistics, 2007 | Global Fund to Fight against AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria | National Antidrug Agency | Repeated | Drugs only | Romanian population aged 15-64 years old | The main method used for collecting the data was the face-to-face method. Also, for questions focused on use of psycho-active substances the self-fill in method was allowed when possible. | Romania is among the European countries where access to good quality sampling frames is limited. There are no publicly available comprehensive population registers as there are no publicly available lists of residential addresses (as it is the case in other countries). Prior to the general elections of 2004, most survey firms relied on voting registers to select respondents in national surveys. Using voting registers, however, is problematic for the purposes of this study because voting registers usually include only Romanian citizens who have the right to vote (i.e., aged 18 years and older). This study, however, had to use a (random) nationally representative sample of people aged 15 -64 years old. Prior to the general elections from 2004, voting lists/registers were kept at the city-halls and communes' mayoral offices. After the general elections from 2004, it was decided that, between elections, voting registers would be kept at the local courts (in cities and counties? capitals). This has made voting re | The sample was randomly, stratified. Multistage procedures were applied as follows: Stratification by region, urban/rural and type of the locality, random procedure for selecting the localities and districts vote, random route method for selecting the households and birthday procedure for selecting the respondents. | In the national sample of 6797 respondents no group was oversampled. The Bucharest sub-sample, had a boost (oversample) of 700 young people (15-34 years old), which was analyzed as a different sample. | A weighting procedure by age and gender for national sample was used. | 84.6%. There are no available data regarding the structure of respondents who refused to answer/fill in the questionnaire. | : |
| Romania | National | 2010 | Handbook for surveys on drug use among the general population, EMCDDA, Lisbon, August 2002 Drug Use Prevalence in Romania - 2004 - General Population Survey, - RMCDDA, 2005 García M. Sociestadística: Introducción a la Estadística en Sociología. Madrid: Alianza editorial; 2003 Romanian Statistics Yearbook, National Institute of Statistics, 2007' | Through the Grant Agreement EMCDDA-National Antidrug Agency (only data collection and data entry) | National Antidrug Agency | repetead study | drugs only | Romanian population aged 15-64 years old | For the data collection it was used the face-to-face interview. It was possible for the interviewer to self-completion and submitted one question concerning use illegal drug or new substances (but nobody used that). Questionnaire was completed on paper and pencil by the field operator. | population registry | In the sample, was used an oversampling of 1000 subjects aged 15-34 years. Sampling method used was a probabilistic, stratified and multistage; the stratified variables were: 1. 8 euro-zone of Romania (NE, NV, V, SV, S, SE, C and Bucharest-Ilfov), 2. for each county, area of ??residence: urban (2 categories: 1.city - county capital and 2. other cities) and rural areas, 3. age group (15-19 years, 20-24 years, 25-29 years, 30-34 years, 35-39 years, 40-44 years, 45-49 years, 50-54 years , 55-59 years and 60-64 years) and 4. sex (male and female). According to respondents were randomly selected sample of the population register (including reserves) | In the sample, was used an oversampling of 1000 subjects aged 15-34 years. | The weighting variable consisted in the four criteria used in sampling: 1. 8 euro-zone in Romania, 2. area of ??residence, 3. age group and 4. sex | : | : |
| Slovenia | National | 2007 | Anketa o zdravju in zdravstvenem varstvu 2007 (European Health Interview Survey), available at: http://www.ivz.si/index.php?akcija=novica&n=1662 | European Commision (Eurostat grants), National Institute of Public Health | National Institute of Public Health | Survey was implemented in Slovenia in 2007 for the first time based on the 1st round questionnaire of the European Health Interview Survey and it will be implemented every 5 years. (Available at: http://circa.europa.eu/Public/irc/dsis/health/library?l=/methodologiessandsdatasc/healthsinterviewssurvey/2007-2008_methodology&vm=detailed&sb=Title). The second implementation is expected in year 2014 (according to the Commision Regulation and Eurostat guidelines). | It is a health related survey with questions on the use of drugs, alcohol and smoking. | Persons aged 15 years and more, noninstitutionalized. | Face-to-face interview (PAPI) | Population Registry: Central Population Registry | Two-stage, stratified sample design was employed in the survey. The sample was implicitly stratified according to the size and type of settlements (6 classes) and according to the statistical region (12 regions). At the first stage 425 sampling units are selected with the probability proportional to size (PPS with replacement), and at the second stage 8 persons aged 15 years or more were selected. Thus 3400 persons were selected. | : | We computed the weight based upon several auxiliary variables: gender, five years age groups, type of the settlement (for all so far mentioned auxiliary variables the population values based upon Central Population Registry were used) and education (due to the fact the information about individuals education is not included into Central Population Registry the estimated population values for people age 15 years and older was obtained from Labour Force Survey in Slovenia, 2007). The weight on selection probability into the sample (prepared by Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia) was also considered in the weighting process. Due to the fact that post-stratification could not be used as weighting method, as we did not had information in all cells in the cross-classification of all auxiliary variables, we used an alternative approach to develop weights that make several marginal totals in the sample conform to the corresponding marginal population totals, called linear weighting. | 68% | 1. Calculation of the confidence intervals The calculation of the confidence intervals (CI) is based on the assumption that the sample was the Simple Random Sample (SRS), although we know that the sample was a complex one. We suppose that the CI should be a little bit wider if they were calculated for the complex sample. 2. Precision of estimates Some values in the tables are not precise enough to be published without limitations. a) Values of coefficient of variation (cv) of the estimate is 10% or below (cv≤10%) the estimate is of acceptable precision and is published without limitations: all values in all tables, except the values below (i.e. b and c). b) When cv is in the interval from 10% and up to 30% (10%<cv≤30%) the estimate is less precise (it should be used with caution): Table 2.3.2, row 18, column 15-24 (M), 15-24 (F) and 55-64 (F) Table 3.1.2, row 2, columns Male, Female and Total Table 3.2.2, row 2, columns Male and Total Table 3.3.2, row 2, columns 15-24 (M), 15-24 (total), 25-34 (M), 25-34 ( |
| Slovakia | National | 1996 | Štatistický úrad SR, Ústav pre výskum verejnej mienky/ Statistical Office, Public Opinion Research Institute - survey: Rozšírenost užívania drog na Slovensku a názory obcanov na problémy spojené s drogovou závislostou /Prevalence of drug use in Slovakia and public opinion on problems related to drug dependence | Štatistický úrad SR and Protidrogovy fond / Statistical Office of Slovak Republic and the Unti-Druh Fund | : | repeated | alcohol, smoking | 15 and more | Standardised Personal Interview | Data from Census 1991 and Balance of Population Motion 1997 | Quota sample with randomization in the last step | none | none-samples were representative | 94% | : |
| Slovakia | National | 1998 | Štatistický úrad SR, Ústav pre výskum verejnej mienky/ Statistical Office, Public Opinion Research Institute - survey: Rozšírenost užívania drog na Slovensku a názory obcanov na problémy spojené s drogovou závislostou /Prevalence of drug use in Slovakia and public opinion on problems related to drug dependence, | Štatistický úrad SR and Protidrogovy fond / Statistical Office of Slovak Republic and the Unti-Druh Fund | : | repeated | alcohol, smoking | 15 and more | Standardised Personal Interview | Data from Census 1991 and Balance of population Motion 1997 | Quota sample with randomization in the last step | none | none-samples were representative | 91% | : |
| Slovakia | National | 2000 | Rozšírenost užívania drog na Slovensku a názory obcanov na problémy spojené s drogovou závislostou /Prevalence of drug use in Slovakia and public opinion on problems related to drug dependence, Štatistický úrad SR, Ústav pre výskum verejnej mienky, Bratislava 2000 | Štatistický úrad SR and Protidrogovy fond / Statistical Office of Slovak Republic and the Unti-Druh Fund | : | repeated | alcohol, smoking | 15-64 | Standardised Personal Interview | Data from Census 1991 and Balance of Population Motion 1999 | Quota sample with randomization in the last step | age 15-17 | age | 93.40% | : |
| Slovakia | National | 2002 | Rozšírenost užívania drog na Slovensku a názory obcanov na problémy spojené s drogovou závislostou /Prevalence of drug use in Slovakia and public opinion on problems related to drug dependence, Štatistický úrad SR, Ústav pre výskum verejnej mienky, Bratislava 2002 | Štatistický úrad SR and Protidrogovy fond / Statistical Office of Slovak Republic and the Unti-Druh Fund | Štatistický úrad SR - Ústav pre výskum verejnej mienky / Statistical Office SR - Institute for Public Opinion Reseach | repeated | public opinion - perception of problems related to smoking, alcohol and drugs | 15-64 1.) 18 and more; 2.) Youth 15-29; 3.) Youth of Bratislava 15-29 | face-to-face interview | Data From Census 2001 | Quota sampling | age 15-17 | age | : | The LYP has been recounted - compared to the previously submitted table (for the 2002) |
| Slovakia | National | 2004 | Rozšírenost užívania drog na Slovensku a názory obcanov na problémy spojené s drogovou závislostou /Prevalence of drug use in Slovakia and public opinion on problems related to drug dependence, Štatistický úrad SR, Ústav pre výskum verejnej mienky, Bratislava 2004 | Štatistický úrad SR and Protidrogovy fond / Statistical Office of Slovak Republic and the Unti-Drug Fund | Štatistický úrad SR - Ústav pre výskum verejnej mienky / Statistical Office SR - Institute for Public Opinion Reseach | repeated | public opinion - perception of problems related to smoking, alcohol and drugs | 15-64 | face-to-face interview | Data from Census 2001 and Balance of Population Motion 2003 | Quota sample | none | none - samples were representative | : | sedatives and /or tranquilisers = medical drugs (sedatives, barbiturates, hypnotics) |
| Slovakia | National | 2006 | Rozšírenost užívania drog na Slovensku a názory obcanov na problémy spojené s drogovou závislostou /Prevalence of drug use in Slovakia and public opinion on problems related to drug dependence, Štatistický úrad SR, Ústav pre výskum verejnej mienky, Bratislava 2006 | Štatistický úrad SR and Protidrogovy fond / Statistical Office of Slovak Republic and the Unti-Druh Fund | Štatistický úrad SR - Ústav pre výskum verejnej mienky / Statistical Office SR - Institute for Public Opinion Reseach | repeated | public opinion - perception of problems related to smoking, alcohol and drugs | 15-64 | face-to-face interview | Data from Census 2001 and Age Structure of the Population of the Slovak Republic in 2005. | Quota sampling | none | none - samples were representative | : | : |
| Slovakia | National | 2010 | 1) TNS (2010): Final Report on the Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs Consumption Survey in SK. not published 2) Marchevský P.(2011): Prevalence of illicit drugs consumption in SK, (Pilot regional and national surveys in 2009 and 2010) published on http://www.infodrogy.sk/index.cfm?module=Library&page=Document&DocumentID=970 TNS (research agency) | National Monitoring Centre for Drugs (NFP) | National Monitoring Centre for Drugs (external experts incl.) | Renewied single study with partially modified questionnaire which had been employed in GPS of State Statistical Office up to 2006 | mostly health, psychological and social context | 15-64 | interviewer completion in F2F interview | quota sample | : | : | : | 96.50% | : |
| Finland | National | 1992 | Kontula O and Kostela, K. Drug use and opinions on drugs. Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. Julkaisuja 8. 1992 | : | : | : | : | 18-74 | : | : | : | : | : | : | |
| Finland | National | 1996 | Kontula O. Drugs in Finland in the 1990s. Monisteita 27. 1997 | : | : | : | : | 16-74 | : | : | : | : | : | : | |
| Finland | National | 1998 | Partanen J. and Metso L. (1999): Suomen toinen huumeaalto (The second drug wave in Finland) Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 64, (2), 143-149. Preliminary results (extra information) of the 1998 survey. STAKES. | STAKES | : | : | : | 15-69 | mail (combined sample: mail (n=2143 and phone (n=425) | : | : | : | : | : | : |
| Finland | National | 2000 | Hakkarainen Pekka & Metso Leena (2001): Onko huumeiden käytön yleistyminen taittumassa Vuoden 2000 huumekyselyn tulokset [Is the increase in drug use levelling off. Results of the drug survey in 2000]. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka, 66, (3), 277-283. & Metso Leena (2001): Preliminary results (extra information) of the Population survey on drugs in 2000 by the STAKES. | STAKES | : | single study, comparable to 1992 study (Partanen). | drinking habits survey | 15-69 | After the personal interview the interviewee filled in a short questionnaire concerning drugs and sealed it in an envelope. | Population register of all Finns, those living in institutions and those without permanent address were excluded. | simple random sample | none | Weights (post stratification) were used to correct the slightly different respond rates in different gender/age groups | 72% | : |
| Finland | National | 2002 | Hakkarainen, Pekka & Metso,Leena: Huumeiden käytön uusi sukupolvi (Drug use: the new generation). Yhteiskuntapolitiikka (vol. 68) 3/2003. (In Finnish, English Summary).Metso, Leena: Unpublished information from the 2002 population survey. Stakes, 2003. | STAKES | : | Comparable studies were conducted in 1992, 1996 and 1998 | Mainly about drug use and attitudes towards drugs, some alcohol questions were included | 15-69 | population registry | simple random sampling; 3000 of 15-69 years olds plus 1000 of 15-35 years olds | 15-35 years olds | Post stratification weights by age, gender and region | 63% | : | |
| Finland | National | 2004 | Hakkarainen, Pekka & Metso, Leena. Märkä pilvi ja vuosi 2004 (Wet High and the Year 2004). Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 70 (2005) : 3, 252-265 | STAKES | : | Panel study 2003-2004. The drug questions are comparable to studies conducted in 1992, 1996, 1998 and 2002. | Mainly about alcohol use, but drug questions were also included. | 15-69 | population registry | 2nd occasion of a panel study plus a simple random sample of appr. 1700 of 15-69 y.o. and a oversample of 15-34 y.o. | About 500 of 15-34 years olds | Post stratification weights by age, gender and region | 63% | : | |
| Finland | National | 2006 | Hakkarainen, Pekka & Metso, Leena (2007). Huumekysymyksen muuttunut ongelmakuva. Vuoden 2006 huumekyselyn tulokset. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 72 (5), 541-552 | STAKES | : | Repeated | Drug use, drug attitudes, drinking patterns | 15-69 | population registry | Simple random sampling | 15-34 years olds | Weighting by age, gender and region | 55% | : | |
| Finland | National | 2010 | Hakkarainen Pekka, Metso Leena, Salasuo Mikko (2011): Hamppuikäpolvi, sekakäyttö ja doping. Vuoden 2010 huumekyselyn tuloksia ('The hemp generation, mixed use and doping -results from the 2010 Drug Survey). Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 76 (4), 394-412 | National Institute for Health and Welfare, THL (www.thl.fi) | : | repeated | drug use, drug attitudes, drinking patterns | 15-69 | mail or internet | Populaiton registry | stratified random sampling. the strata were 15-39-year-olds and 40-69-year-olds | 15-39-year-olds | Age-group, gender, region | 47.80% | : |
| Sweden | National | 1994 | Bruket av psykofarmaka, narkotika och dopingmedel. För CAN våren 1994. FS-9408/10. TEMO AB. | NIPH, CAN and Systembolaget (State Liquor Retail Monopoly) | : | Repeated | Omnibus, however the Alcohol and drugs section have always been placed first in the questionnaire | 16-75 | Face to face interviews | National Central Population Registry | Probability sample of inhabitants from a fixed area sample, consisting of 65 regions (a 'miniature Sweden'). | None | Weighting procedures applied for age, gender and region | : | Critically low numbers when broken down in to narrower age groups and gender. Very little methodological information has been made available from the field agency regarding gross sample and non-response, which raises concerns about the data quality. |
| Sweden | National | 1996 | Bruket av psykofarmaka, narkotika och dopingmedel. För CAN våren 1994. FS-9408/10. TEMO AB. | NIPH, CAN and Systembolaget (State Liquor Retail Monopoly) | : | Repeated | Omnibus, however the Alcohol and drugs section have always been placed first in the questionnaire | 16-75 | Face to face interviews | National Central Population Registry | Probability sample of inhabitants from a fixed area sample, consisting of 65 regions (a 'miniature Sweden'). | None | Weighting procedures applied for age, gender and region | : | Critically low numbers when broken down in to narrower age groups and gender. Very little methodological information has been made available from the field agency regarding gross sample and non-response, which raises concerns about the data quality. |
| Sweden | National | 1998 | Användning av samt attityder till narkotika. Metodjämförelser: Besöks-, telefon resp postala intervjuer. April-maj 1998. FS-9810/13/17. TEMO AB. | NIPH and CAN | : | Repeated | Omnibus, however the Alcohol and drugs section have always been placed first in the questionnaire | 16-75 | Face to face interviews | National Central Population Registry | Probability sample of inhabitants from a fixed area sample, consisting of 65 regions (a 'miniature Sweden'). | None | Weighting procedures applied for age, gender and region | : | Critically low numbers when broken down in to narrower age groups and gender. Very little methodological information has been made available from the field agency regarding gross sample and non-response, which raises concerns about the data quality. |
| Sweden | National | 2000 | Allänhetens alkoholvanor. Mars-juni 2000. TEMO AB. | NIPH, CAN and Systembolaget (State Liquor Retail Monopoly) | : | Repeated | Omnibus, however the Alcohol and drugs section have always been placed first in the questionnaire | 16-75 | Face to face interviews | National Central Population Registry | Probability sample of inhabitants from a fixed area sample, consisting of 65 regions (a 'miniature Sweden'). | None | Weighting procedures applied for age, gender and region | : | Critically low numbers when broken down in to narrower age groups and gender. Very little methodological information has been made available from the field agency regarding gross sample and non-response, which raises concerns about the data quality. |
| Sweden | National | 2008 | : | Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare vis the National Institute of Public Health | National Institute of Public Health and Lund University | Single | Drugs only | 15-64 | Mail and Internet. 19% of the respondents gave their answer on the Internet | Population registry | Stratified random sampling | Males, younger age groups and more. | Weighted according to the variables above, to become representative for the whole Swedish population | 52.10% | : |
| Sweden | National | 2004 | The Swedish National Survey of Public Health 2004, National Institute of Public Health | National Institute of Public Health | Statistics Sweden | First study of this kind. Will be repeated annually or bi-annually | Health | 18-84 | All people living in Sweden 18-84 yrs old (6 891 560 people) | Random sampling | : | Weighting procedures applied by county, for age, gender, country of birth, marital status, income, living in large city. | 61% | : | |
| Sweden | National | 2005 | The National Survey of Public Health 2005, National Institute of Public Health | National Institute of Public Health, Sweden | Statistics Sweden | Repeated (2nd of it's kind) | Health | 16-84 | All people living in Sweden 16-84 yrs old (approximately 7 million people) | Random sampling | : | Weighting procedures applied by county, for age, gender, country of birth, marital status, income, living in a large city | 63% | Prevalence figures reported with one decimal. | |
| Sweden | National | 2006 | The National Survey of Public Health 2006, National Institute of Public Health Sweden | National Institute of Public Health, Sweden | Statistics Sweden | repeated | health | 16-84 | All people living in Sweden 16-84 yrs old (approximately 7 million people) . Population registry. | Random sampling | : | Weighting procedures applied by county, for age, gender, country of birth, marital status, income, living in a large city | 61.20% | Prevalence figures reported with one decimal. | |
| Sweden | National | 2007 | http://www.fhi.se/templates/Page____391.aspx | Swedish National Institute of Public Health | : | Repeated each year | Public health | 16-84 year | Postal questionnaire | National study, population | A simple probability sample | No | Yes | 53.20% | : |
| Sweden | National | 2008 | Health on equal terms 2008, Wadman C, Karlsson A-S, Paulsson K, Swedish National Institute of Public Health | Swedish National Institute of Public Health | Statistics Sweden | Repeated study | Health | 16-84 | Population registry | : | : | : | 55.70% | : | |
| Sweden | National | 2009 | http://www.fhi.se/en/Publications/All-publications-in-english/Objective-and-background-of-the-questions-in-the-national-public-health-survey/ | Swedish National Institute of Public Health | : | Repeated each year | Public health | 16-84 | Postal questionarie | National study, population | A simple probability sample | No | : | 52.10% | : |
| Sweden | National | 2010 | http://www.fhi.se/en/Publications/All-publications-in-english/Objective-and-background-of-the-questions-in-the-national-public-health-survey/ | Swedish National Institute of Public Health | : | Repeated each year | Public health | 16-84 | Postal questionarie | National study, population | National study, population | No | : | 50.60% | : |
| Sweden | National | 2011 | http://www.fhi.se/en/Publications/All-publications-in-english/Objective-and-background-of-the-questions-in-the-national-public-health-survey/ | Swedish National Institute of Public Health | : | Repeated each year | Public health | 16-84 | Postal questionarie | National study, population | National study, population | No | : | 49% | : |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 1994 | Ramsay, M. and Percy, A., ‘Drug misuse declared: results of the 1994 British Crime Survey’, Research Study 151, Home Office, 1996. | OPCS (now Office for National Statistics) | : | Repeated (bi-annually) | Crime and victimisation | Core interview: 16 +; Drugs module: 16-59 | Face-to-face (CAPI & CASI) | Small Users Postcode Address File (PAF) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | Inner cities | To correct for unequal selection probabilities | 77% | : |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 1996 | Ramsay, M. and Spiller, J. (1997). Drug misuse declared in 1996: latest results from the British Crime Survey. Home Office Research Study 172. London: Home Office. | SCPR (now National Centre for Social Research) | : | Repeated (bi-annually) | Crime and victimisation | Core interview: 16 +; Drugs module: 16-59 | Face-to-face (CAPI & CASI) | Small Users Postcode Address File (PAF) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | Inner cities | To correct for unequal selection probabilities and difference in response rates | 82.50% | : |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 1998 | Ramsay, M. and Partridge, S., ‘Drug misuse declared in 1998: results from the British Crime Survey’, Research study 197, Home Office, 1999. | SCPR (now National Centre for Social Research) | : | Repeated (bi-annually) | Crime and victimisation | Core interview: 16 +; Drugs module: 16-59 | Face-to-face (CAPI & CASI) computer-assisted Self Interviewing | Small Users Postcode Address File (PAF) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | Inner cities | To correct for unequal selection probabilities and difference in response rates | 78.70% | : |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 2000 | Ramsay, M. et al., ‘Drug misuse declared in 2000: results from the British Crime Survey’, Research study 224, Home Office, 2001. | SCPR (now National Centre for Social Research) and Office for National Statistics | : | Repeated (bi-annually) | Crime and victimisation | Core interview: 16 +; Drugs module: 16-59 | Face-to-face (CAPI & CASI) | Small Users Postcode Address File (PAF) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | Small Police Force Areas | To correct for unequal selection probabilities and difference in response rates | 74% | : |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 2001/2002 | Aust, R. et al. (2002), 'Prevalence of drug use: key findings from the 2001/02 British Crime Survey', Home Office Research Findings 182, London, Home Office. 2002 | BMRB Social Research | : | Continuous survey | Crime and victimisation | Core interview: 16 +; Drugs module: 16-59 | Core interview CAPI, Drugs module CASI | Small Users Postcode Address File (PAF) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | Small Police Force Areas | To correct for unequal selection probabilities and difference in response rates | 74% | : |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 2002/2003 | Condon, J. and Smith, N. (2003) Prevalence of drug use: key findings from the 2002/2003 British Crime Survey. London: Home Office. | BMRB Social Research | Home Office | Continuous survey | Crime and victimisation | Core interview: 16 +; Drugs module: 16-59 | Core interview CAPI, Drugs module CASI | Small Users Postcode Address File (PAF) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | Small Police Force Areas | To correct for unequal selection probabilities and difference in response rates | : | : |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 2003/2004 | Chivite-Matthews, N., Richardson, A., O’Shea, J., Becker, J., Owen, N., Roe, S. and Condon, J. (2005) Drug misuse declared: findings from the 2003/04 British Crime Survey. Home Office Statistical Bulletin 04/05. London: Home Office. | BMRB Social Research | : | Continuous survey | Crime and victimisation | Core interview: 16 +; Drugs module: 16-59 | Core interview CAPI, Drugs module CASI | Small Users Postcode Address File (PAF) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | Small Police Force Areas | To correct for unequal selection probabilities and difference in response rates | : | : |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 2004/2005 | Roe, S. (2005) Drug misuse declared: findings from the 2004/05 British Crime Survey. Home Office Statistical Bulletin 16/05. London: Home Office. | BMRB Social Research | : | Continuous survey | Crime and victimisation | Core interview: 16 +; Drugs module: 16-59 | Core interview CAPI, Drugs module CASI | Small Users Postcode Address File (PAF) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | Small Police Force Areas | To correct for unequal selection probabilities and difference in response rates | 75% | : |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 2005/2006 | Roe, S. and Man, L. (2006) Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2005/06 British Crime Survey. Home Office Statistical Bulletin 15/06. London: Home Office. | BMRB Social Research | BMRB | Continuous survey | Crime and victimisation | Core interview: 16 +; Drugs module: 16-59 | Core interview CAPI, Drugs module CASI | Small Users Postcode Address File (PAF) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | Young people aged 16 to 24 | Calibration weighting used to compensate for differences in response by age and gender | : | : |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 2006/2007 | Murphy, R. and Roe, S. (2007) Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2006/07 British Crime Survey. Home Office Statistical Bulletin 18/07. London: Home Office. | BMRB Social Research | BMRB Social Research | Continuous survey | Crime and victimisation | Core interview: 16 +; Drugs module: 16-59 | Core interview CAPI, Drugs module CASI | Small Users Postcode Address File (PAF) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | Young people aged 16-24 | Calibration weighting used to compensate for differences in response by age and gender. | 76% | : |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 2007/2008 | Hoare, J. and Flatley, J. (2008) Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2007/08 British Crime Survey. Home Office Statistical Bulletin 13/08. London: Home Office. | BMRB Social Research | BMRB Social Research | Continuous survey | Crime and victimisation | Core interview: 16 +; Drugs module: 16-59 | Core interview CAPI, Drugs module CASI | Small Users Postcode Address File (PAF) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | Young people aged 16-24 (*) | Calibration weighting used to compensate for differences in response by age, gender and region. | 76% | Drugs module only asked of adults aged 16-59 whereas main survey covers all adults aged 16 and over. 5.1.18 (total core sample interviews with a valid weight) 5.1.19 completed drugs module interviews with a valid weight; excluded fictional 'semeron' users) |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 2008/2009 | Hoare, J. (2009) Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2008/09 British Crime Survey Home Office Statistical Bulletin 12/09. London: Home Office. http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb1209.pdf | Home Office | BMRB Social Research | Repeated (continuous) | Crime | 16-59 | CASI (Computed Assisted Self Interviewing) | Small users PAF (Postcode address file) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | Young people aged 16-24 (*) | Calibration weighting used to compensate for differences in response by age, gender and region. | 93% | Drugs module only asked of adults aged 16-59 whereas main survey covers all adults aged 16 and over. |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 2009/2010 | Hoare, J., Moon D. (Ed.) (2010) Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2009/10 British Crime Survey Home Office Statistical Bulletin 13/10. London: Home Office. | Home Office | TNS-BMRB | Repeated (continuous) | Crime | 16-59 | CASI (Computed Assisted Self Interviewing) | Small users PAF (Postcode Address File, 'Small users' are delivery points which receive fewer than 50 items of mail a day). | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | : | Calibration weighting used to compensate for differences in response by age, gender and region. | : | Drugs module only asked of adults aged 16-59 whereas main survey covers all adults aged 16 and over. For section 5 of this table, the frequency of cannabis use among people who used it during the last 12 months, not the last 30 days. For further information on BCS methodology, please see: http://uk.sitestat.com/homeoffice/rds/s?rds.bcs0910tech1pdf&ns_type=pdf&ns_url=[http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs10/bcs0910tech1.pdf] |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 2010/2011 | Smith, K., Flatley, J., (Eds.) (2011) Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/11 British Crime Survey Home Office Statistical Bulletin 12/11. London: Home Office http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/hosb1211/ | Home Office | TNS-BMRB | Repeated (continuous) | Crime | 16-59 | Face-to-face, CASI | Small users PAF (Postcode Address File, 'Small users' are delivery points which receive fewer than 50 items of mail a day). | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | : | Calibration weighting used to compensate for differences in response by age, gender and region. | : | Drugs module only asked of adults aged 16-59 whereas main survey covers all adults aged 16 and over. |
| United Kingdom | England and Wales | 2011/2012 | Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2011/12 Crime Survey for England and Wales. http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/drugs-misuse-dec-1112/ | Office for National Statistics | TNS-BMRB | Repeated | Crime | 16-59 | CASI (Computed Assisted Self Interviewing) | Small users PAF (Postcode Address File, 'Small users' are delivery points which receive fewer than 50 items of mail a day). | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | : | Calibration weighting used to compensate for differences in response by age, gender and region. | 76% | Drugs module only asked of adults ages 16-59 whereas main survey covers all adults aged 16 or over. Important: Please note that the frequency of use question is asked of all people who used cannabis in the last year, not only those who took it in the last month. The figures for 'less than once a week' therefore include those who took cannabis less than once a month in the last year. |
| United Kingdom | Northern Ireland | 2002/2003 | NACD and DAIRU (2005). Drug use in Ireland and Northern Ireland: 2002/03 Drug Prevalence Survey | Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (Belfast, Northern Ireland), and National Advisory Committee on Drugs (Dublin, Ireland). | MORI/MRC | To be confirmed. | Drugs | 15-64 | Face-to-face. | Postal address file (Post Office). | Stratified random sample; individuals selected using 'last birthday' rule. | None. | Age, gender, and Health and Social Services Board area. | : | : |
| United Kingdom | Northern Ireland | 2005 | McMullan, S. and Ruddy, D., ‘Experience of drug misuse: Findings from the 2005 Northern Ireland Crime Survey’, Northern Ireland Office Research and Statistical Bulletin 8/2006. | Northern Ireland Office | Northern Ireland Statistics & Research Agency | Repeated (annually) | Crime (self-complete drugs module contained within the crime survey) | 16-59 | face to face | Domestic property database (household registry) | Random selection | : | Household size | 64.50% | : |
| United Kingdom | Northern Ireland | 2006/2007 | Ruddy and Brown (2007) Experience of Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2006/07 Northern Ireland Crime Survey | Northern Ireland Office | Northern Ireland Statistics & Research Agency | repeated (annually) | Crime (self completion drugs module contained within the NI Crime Survey) | 16-64 | face-to-face | Domestic Property database (household registry) | random selection | : | Household size | 91% | : |
| United Kingdom | Northern Ireland | 2007/2008 | Campbell, P. and Wilson, S. (2009) Experience of Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2007/08 Northern Ireland Crime Survey | Northern Ireland Office | Northern Ireland Statistics & Research Agency | Repeated annually until March 2009. | Crime (self-completion drugs module contained within the NI Crime Survey) | 16-64 | Face-to-face interview containing a self-completion module on drug use | Land and Property Services domestic property database (household registry) | Random selection | : | Household size | NOTE: 1. The eligible response rate for NICS 2007/08 was 65%. Rates presented in this table have been calculated as the proportion of respondents aged 16-64 who completed the drugs module within the overall NICS, i.e. as a subset of the overall 65% who completed the main survey. 2. Due to the low prevalence estimates of some drug types, certain lower confidence intervals were calculated as negative figures. In such cases, these have been amended to zero. | : |
| United Kingdom | Northern Ireland | 2008/2009 | Toner, S. and Freel, R. (2010). Experience of Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2008/09 Northern Ireland Crime Survey. Research and Statistical Bulletin 1/2010. Department of Justice, Belfast. | Department of Justice | Northern Ireland Statistics & Research Agency | Repeated annually until March 2009. | Crime (self-completion drugs module contained within the NI Crime Survey) | 16-64 | Face-to-face interview containing a self-completion module on drug use | Land and Property Services domestic property database (household registry) | Random selection | : | Household size | 85% | : |
| United Kingdom | Northern Ireland | 2010/2011 | Drug use in Northern Ireland - results from the 2010/11 Drug Prevalence Survey | Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety | : | repeated every 4 years | drugs only | 15-64 years | CAPI | area-based sampling | The first stage involved stratifying by Health and Social Care Trust and within the strata, simple random sampling was used. The achieved samples was weighted by gender, age and Health and Social Care Trust. | : | The survey was weighted by area, gender and age. | 66.60% | Data is for financial year 2010/11. |
| United Kingdom | Scotland | 2003 | 2003 Scottish Crime Survey. | Scottish Executive | MORI Scotland/TNS Social | Repeated | Crime and victimisation | 16+ | Face-to-face, self-completion questionnaire | Postcode Address File (PAF) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | None | To correct for unequal selection probabilities and difference in response rates | 46.70% | *The total count does not equal the male and female count as there were 18 missing counts from the male/female question. |
| United Kingdom | Scotland | 2004 | 2004 Scottish Crime and Victimisation Survey. | Scottish Executive | MORI Scotland/ TNS Social | Repeated | Crime & Victimisation | 16 and over | Self-completion questionnaire | Postcode Address File (PAF) | Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design | : | To correct for unequal selection probabilities and difference in response rates | 43% | : |
| United Kingdom | Scotland | 2006 | Brown, M. and Bolling, K. (2007) 2006 Scottish Crime and Victimisation Survey, Scottish Government, September 2006 (http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/09/26163243/0) | Scottish Executive | BMRB | Repeated | Crime and victimisation, self completion section on use of illegal drugs | 16 and over (16-59 for drugs data) | Self completion questionnaire as part of face to face household interview | Postcode Address File | Stratified, multi-stage, random probability design | : | To correct for unequal selection probabilities and difference in response rates | Figures relate to drug self completion section of survey only. Note age range is 16-59 | : |
| United Kingdom | Scotland | 2008 | MacLeod, P., Page, L., Kinver, A., Iliasov, A. and Williams, R. (2010). 2008-09 Scottish Crime and Justice Survey: Drug Use. Scottish Government Social Research. The Scottish Government, Edinburgh. | Scottish Government | TNS-BMRB | Repeated | Drugs | 16+ | CAPI | The sample frame for SCJS 2008-09 was the Small User file of the Postcode Address File ( PAF) expanded using the multiple occupancy indicator ( MOI). | Only one adult was interviewed in each household. The majority of households contain more than one adult. Hence to avoid any bias in selection the respondent to be interviewed was determined by a random method. That random selection was implemented using an algorithm in the CAPI script. Age and gender details for all household members were collected and one eligible adult was randomly selected as the respondent by the CAPI machine generating a random number denoting the adult to be interviewed. Once a selection was made, no substitutions were permitted under any circumstances (for example, if the selected person refused to do the interview but another household member volunteered to be interviewed instead, the interviewer coded the outcome as a refusal and no interview was conducted at the address). In the rare instances where an interviewer found more than one dwelling unit at an address (despite the fact that the PAF was expanded by the MOI) the CAPI software randomly selected one unit for interview. | : | : | Response rates not available at this break down | 2008/09 data For answers in section 5, the category don't know/missing refers to the number of cases who replied to the question of last 30 days prevalence but did not answer on frequency of use |
| United Kingdom | Scotland | 2009/10 | The Scottish Government (2011). Drug use module from the 2009/10 Scottish Crime and Justice Survey. The Scottish Government, Edinburgh. Available: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/01/21134813/0 | Scottish Government | TNS_BMRB | Repeated | Crime/Drugs | 16+ | face-to-face interviews and a self-completion section. | The SCJS was sampled from private residential addresses in Scotland using the Royal Mail Postcode Address File (PAF). | One adult aged 16 years or over per household was then randomly selected for interview. | Older adults. | Results were weighted to correct for the unequal probability of selection for interview caused by the sample design and for differences in level of response among groups of individuals. In view of the reduced response to the self-completion section, some additional weighting was necessary for use when analysing this sub-sample. The self-completion weights were calculated in a similar way to the main individual and household weights but based only on respondents who had answered the self-completion section of the questionnaire. The individual weight was applied to all of the questions included in this report as they all related to the experiences and opinions of individuals. | 84% | : |
| United Kingdom | Scotland | 2010/2011 | Scottish Crime and Justice Survey 2010/11: Drug Use | Scottish Government | : | Repeated biennially - next survey in 2012/13 | Crime | 16 and over | CASI - self completion | Further information on sampling is available from the techncial report at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Crime-Justice/Publications/publications/SCJStechnicalreport2010-1 | : | : | : | 87% | : |
| United Kingdom | United Kingdom | 2004 | 2003/2004 British Crime Survey: Core and youth data., Chivite-Matthews, N., Richardson, A., O'Shea, J., Becker, J., Owen, N., Roe, S. and Condon, J. (2005), ‘Drug misuse declared: Findings from the 2003/04 British Crime Survey’, Home Office Statistical Bulletin May 2005 , Home Office, London. | a) Home Office b) Scottish Executive c) Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, Belfast & National Advisory Committee on Drugs, Dublin | b) MORI Scotland/ TNS Social c) MORI/MRC | a) Continuous b) Repeated c) To be confirmed | a) and b) Crime and victimisation c) Drugs | a) Main sample 16+, drugs module 16-59. b) 16+ c) 15-64 | a) Face-to-face (CAPI and CASI) b) Face-to-face, self completion questionnaire c) Face-to-face | a) Small users postcode address file b) Postcode address file c) Postal address file | a) and b) Stratified, multi-stage, random, probability design c) Stratified random sample, individuals selected using 'last birthday' rule | a) Small police force areas b) and c) None | a) and b) To correct for unequal selection probabilities and difference in response rates c) c) Age, gender & Health and Social Services Board Area | : | : |
| United Kingdom | United Kingdom | 2006 | NACD (National Advisory Committee on Drugs) and DAIRU (Drug and Alcohol Information and Research Unit) (2008). Drug use in Ireland and Northern Ireland: First results from the 2006/07 Drug Prevalence Survey Murphy, R. and Roe, S. (2007). Drug misuse declared: Findings from the 2006/07 British Crime Survey. Home Office Statistical Bulletin 18/07. Home Office, London. Brown, M. and Bolling, K. (2007). 2006 Scottish Crime And Victimisation Survey: Main Findings. Scottish Government Social Research. Scottish Government, Edinburgh. | : | : | : | : | 16-59 | : | : | : | : | : | : | Estimate using standard tables based on British Crime Survey 2006/07, Scottish Crime and Victimisation Survey 2006 and Northern Ireland Drug Prevalence Survey 2006/07 |
| Croatia | National | 2012 | Glavak Tkalic, R., Miletic, G.M., Maricic, J., Wertag, A. (2012). Zlouporaba sredstava ovisnosti u opcoj populaciji Republike Hrvatske: istraživacko izvješce. Zagreb: Institut društvenih znanosti Ivo Pilar. | Government of the Republic of Croatia – Office for Combating Narcotic Drug Abuse; Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia; European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) | Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar | Single | Drugs only | 15-64 | The data was gathered by face-to-face interview, but, due to the sensitivity of the topic, it was made possible for the respondents to fill out the questionnaire on their own. The interviewer assisted them in clarifying any questions they did not understand if such problems occurred. The questionnaire was completed using paper and pencil. | The survey used the Republic of Croatia’s Central Phonebook as the primary sampling frame. | A starting point for creating sample was an ad hoc division of a Republic of Croatia into six relatively homogenous regions, based on cluster analyses of socio-demographic and socio-economic indicators. The second stratum was defined by type of settlement within each region, urban and other (rurban and rural) types of settlements. Households in selected sample points were chosen systematically from the household list (with a random selection of a first) from the locations included in a sample while final selection of a respondent within a household was random (most recent birthday). | 15-34 years old | Data were weighted to represent the distribution of birth cohort and gender in the general population of Croatia. In defining target population only private households were taken into consideration (homeless, individuals in some type of institutions such as hospitals, prisons, therapeutic communities and correctional facilities were excluded). | 53.10% | 4756 - Difference between number in 8.1.9 and number in 8.1.11. is a result of exclusion from total number of those who did not answer the question about demographic characteristics. |
| Turkey | National | 2011 | : | Turkish Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction | : | Single | Licit and illicit drugs | 15-64 | PAPI | Household Registry | : | : | : | 43.90% | : |
| Norway | National | 1999 | National Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research. Unpublished material. | National Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research | : | Repeated study every four to five years. | Alcohol and drug - attitudes, consumption in Norway | 15+ | Questionnaire Face-To-Face | : | : | : | : | : | Source: National Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research. Unpublished material. |
| Norway | National | 2004 | : | Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research (SIRUS). | Field work by MMI. | Repeated | Alcohol, tobacco, drugs. | 15+ | Mainly face-to-face, but questions about illegal drugs answered on paper, hidden from the interviewer. | Household register (addresses). | Three stage stratified random: Stratified master sample of communities, random addresses in communities, random person. | None. | By age, gender and stratum (community type) | : | : |
| Norway | National | 2009 | www.sirus.no | The Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research - SIRUS | : | Repeated | Alcohol | 15 years and over | After a face-to-face interview, the drug questions were answered on paper without the interviewers watching. | 3 steps: 1 Municipality, 2. Address, 3. Person with latest birthday | Stratified mastersample of municipalities, random addresses in municipalities, random person on address. | : | Weighting by sex, age and geography (part of country) | 18% | : |
Notes
1 - This table aims to present national surveys. Exceptionally some relevant regional surveys are presented. Some city surveys reported by countries were not included as they tend to produce higher prevalence estimates, which are not comparable with estimates for whole countries (or big regions with urban and rural areas). Athens was included as reference point for 1993 survey
2 - 'Data collection.' means 'data collection method used in the survey': 'interview.' (face to face interview, which may include self-completed sections for the more sensitive questions, also it may include CAPI -computer assisted interviews-), 'phone' (telephone interview), 'mail' (mailed questionnaire), 'Multi-method' (Multi-Method - simultaneous use of interview, mail or internet in the same survey-)
3 - 'Survey sample' refers to number of actual respondents to survey (Net sample). In some cases, national surveys cover originally a broader age range ('original age range') than that presented here for the standard groups 'All Adults'(15-64) and 'Young Adults' (15-34). Sample sizes are presented respectively for the 'original age range', the 'all adults' and 'young adults' groups
4 - In surveys with small sample sizes results should be interpreted with caution
5 - Countries were asked to report results using, as far as possible, EMCDDA standard age groups (all adults: 15-64, young adults: 15-34). In countries where age ranges are more restrictive prevalence estimates may tend to be slightly higher. Some countries have recalculated their prevalence figures using the EMCDDA standard age groups
6 - In the Netherlands the figures of 2001 have been recomputed using only the interviews conducted with CAPI method (Computed Assisted Personal Interview) and excluding other methods of data collection -mail, telephone,�- to ensure comparability with 1997 and 2005. For 2005 only respondents with information collected through CAPI method were included (this note applies to all tables and graphics regarding population surveys for the Netherlands 2001 and 2005).
7 -The most recent general population survey reported by the Netherlands display a wide variation in results compared with 2005 which may reflect methodological differences. The data is provided for information, but given the lack of comparability between surveys should be treated with caution.
8 - The most recent general population survey reported by Italy display a wide variation in results compared with the previous surveys which may reflect methodological differences. The data is provided for information, but given the lack of comparability between surveys should be treated with caution.
9 - The use of response rates as an indicator of survey quality, and in particular their comparison, should be made with caution given different definitions, methods of calculation and survey design.
Sources
Reitox national focal points