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Figure PDU-1. Estimates of the prevalence of problem drug use (rate per 1 000 population aged 15–64), 2006–11 (last study available)

Part (ii) Estimates of problem opioid use

Country	Year	Method	Label	Low	High	Central
Related links:
Turkey	2011	MM	Turkey 2011 MM	0.22	0.54	0.26
Hungary	2007/08	CR	Hungary 2007/08 CR	0.40	0.50	0.45
Spain	2010	TM	Spain 2010 TM	1.20	1.28	1.12
Slovakia	2008	OT	Slovakia 2008 OT	1.01	2.49	1.25
Czech Rep.	2011	TM	Czech Rep. 2011 TM	1.21	1.34	1.27
Cyprus	2011	TP	Cyprus 2011 TP	1.31	1.95	1.57
Netherlands	2008	TM	Netherlands 2008 TM	1.56	1.64	1.60
Lithuania	2007	CR	Lithuania 2007 CR	2.29	2.42	2.36
Greece	2011	CR	Greece 2011 CR	2.46	3.01	2.72
Norway	2008	CM	Norway 2008 CM	2.10	3.90	3.00
Germany*	2010	TM	Germany* 2010 TM	2.89	3.44	3.17
Croatia	2010	CR	Croatia 2010 CR	3.23	3.99	3.61
Italy	2011	TM	Italy 2011 TM	4.30	5.40	4.80
Austria	2011	CR	Austria 2011 CR	5.20	5.50	5.30
Luxembourg	2007	OT	Luxembourg 2007 OT	5.00	7.60	5.90
Latvia	2010	TM	Latvia 2010 TM	4.99	9.88	6.62
Ireland	2006	CR	Ireland 2006 CR	6.20	8.10	7.20
Malta	2011	CR	Malta 2011 CR	6.88	8.20	7.47
United Kingdom	2004/10	CM	United Kingdom 2004/10 CM	8.01	8.59	8.20
Statistical bulletin 2013: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/stats13/pdufig1b
For more details see https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/stats13/pdu/tables (Tables PDU-1 and PDU-102) in the Statistical bulletin 2013.
See also https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index1372EN.html: National prevalence estimates of problem drug use in the European Union, 1995–2000, CT.00.RTX.23, EMCDDA, Lisbon, coordinated by the Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich.
See also ‘General notes for interpreting data’ on the Explanatory notes and help page

Notes:

Methods of estimation are abbreviated: CR = Capture-recapture; TM = Treatment multiplier; PM = Police multiplier; MI = Multivariate indicator; TP = Truncated Poisson; CM = Combined methods; MM = Mortality multiplier; OT = Other methods.

Target groups may vary slightly between countries owing to different methods and data sources; therefore comparisons should be made with caution.

The symbol indicates a point estimate, a bar indicates an uncertainty interval, which can be either a 95 % confidence interval or an interval based on sensitivity analysis or an interval based on other method

* In the case of Germany alternative estimates were provided. For full details see Table PDU-102

^ Central estimate was not available; a midpoint was calculated as a simple average of the Low and High estimate

Sources:

	AAA	BBB	CCC
X	2	3	4
1	2	3	4
X	2	3	4
1	2	3	4
X	2	3	4
1	2	3	4

abcfigN

Demonstration	Reference	Type	Y Axis	X axis	Label	Width (%)	Height (px)	Y plotline	Y min,max values	series Markers
	szrfig1	column,column,line	Quantity (kg)\|Number of seizures$3
	szrfig2	column,column,line	Quantity (kg)\|Number of seizures$3
	gpsfig4a	line	%				500		0,30
	gpsfig1	column	%				500		0,25
	gpsfig2	column,column,point	Contiuation rates %\|LTP all adults$3						0,
	gpsfig18a	distribution	Estimated prevalence (%)						0
	gpsfig18b	distribution	Estimated prevalence (%)						0
	gpsfig20	column	%				600		0,20
	dlofig2	stackedBar	%				600
	dlofig3	line	Index (2006 = 100)			68
	dlofig3$	pie			1 135 701 reports (2011)	30
	dlofig4	line	Index (2006 = 100)			68
	dlofig4$	pie			915 541 reports (2011)	30
	dlofig5	line	Index (2006 = 100)			68
	dlofig5$	pie			179 418 reports (2011)	30
	drdfig12a	scatter	Ratio between DRD in 2003 and 2000	Number of DRD in 2000				1
	drdfig12b	scatter	Ratio between DRD in 2010/11 and 2003	Number of DRD in 2003				1
	hsrfig2	stackedColumn	Clients in substitution treatment
	dlofig1	line	Index (2006 = 100)						60,180
	drdfig1	column	Country and total number of DRD				600
	drdfig2	column	Proportion of DRD under the age of 25 (%)				600
	drdfig3	line	Mean age in years
	drdfig4	line	Mean age in years
	drdfig5a	line	Index (1990 = 100)
	drdfig5b	line	Index (1996 = 100)
	drdfig6	line	Index (1990 = 100 %)						80,160
	drdfig7a	column	Mortality rate per million
	drdfig7b	column,point	Rate per million
	drdfig8	line	Index (1985 = 100 %)						50,650
	drdfig9a	line	%						0,70
	drdfig9b	line	%
	drdfig9c	line	%
	drdfig10	column	Mean age in years				500
	drdfig11a	line	Index						0,300
	drdfig11b	line	Index
	drdfig11c	line	Index
	drdfig13a	line	Number of cases
	drdfig13b	line	Number of cases
	eyefig1a	line
	eyefig1b	line
	eyefig1c	line							0,
	eyefig1d	line	%			45	800
	eyefig1d$	line	%			45	800
	gpsfig3	column	%				500
	gpsfig4b	line	%
	gpsfig5	column	%
	gpsfig6	column	%
	gpsfig7	column	%
	gpsfig8a	line	%						0,
	gpsfig8b	line	%						0,
	gpsfig9a	column	%
	gpsfig9b	column	%
	gpsfig10	line	%
	gpsfig11	column,column,point	Continuation rates (%)\| LTP All adults$3
	gpsfig12a	line	%						0,
	gpsfig12b	line	%						0,
	gpsfig13	column,column,point	%
	gpsfig14a	line	%						0,
	gpsfig14b	line	%						0,
	gpsfig15	column	%
	gpsfig16	column,column,point	Continuation rates (%)\|LTP All adults$3						0,
	gpsfig17	column	%
	gpsfig21a	line	%						0,
	gpsfig21b	line	%						0,
	gpsfig22	column,column,point	Continuation rates (%)\| LTP All adults$3
	gpsfig23a	line	%
	gpsfig23b	line	%
	gpsfig23c	line	%
	gpsfig23d	line	%						0,
	gpsfig23e	line	%						0,
	hsrfig4	pie			% of prison population in OST	30
	inffig1a	line	New AIDS cases per million population				700		0,
	inffig1b	line	New AIDS cases per million population				700		0,
	inffig2a	line	Cases per million population						0,
	inffig2b	line	Cases per million population						0,
	inffig2c	line	Cases per million population
	inffig2d	line	Cases per million population
	inffig3a	distribution	%						0,	National;Subnational\|square;rgba(0,0,0,0.8);triangle;rgba(0,0,255,0.8)
	inffig3b	distribution	%						0,	National;Subnational\|square;rgba(0,0,0,0.8);triangle;rgba(0,0,255,0.8)
	inffig3c	distribution	%						0,	National;Subnational\|square;rgba(0,0,0,0.8);triangle;rgba(0,0,255,0.8)
	inffig6a	distribution	%						0,	National;Subnational\|square;rgba(0,0,0,0.8);triangle;rgba(0,0,255,0.8)
	inffig6b	distribution	%						0,	National;Subnational\|square;rgba(0,0,0,0.8);triangle;rgba(0,0,255,0.8)
	inffig6c	distribution	%						0,	National;Subnational\|square;rgba(0,0,0,0.8);triangle;rgba(0,0,255,0.8)
	inffig9a	distribution	%						0,	National;Subnational\|square;rgba(0,0,0,0.8);triangle;rgba(0,0,255,0.8)
	inffig9b	distribution	%						0,	National;Subnational\|square;rgba(0,0,0,0.8);triangle;rgba(0,0,255,0.8)
	pppfig1	line	Index (2005 = 100)
	pppfig2	line	Index (2005 = 100)
	tdifig1a	line	%
	tdifig1b	line
	tdifig2a	pie				30
	tdifig2b	pie				50
	tdifig3a	line	%
	tdifig3b	line
	tdifig7	line	%			60			0,
	tdifig7$	stackedColumn	Numbers			38			0,50000
	hsrfig1b	stackedColumn	%































Distirbuted points with specific markers and colours	inffig6a	distribution	%							National;Subnational\|square;rgba(0,0,0,0.8);triangle;rgba(0,0,255,0.8)

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