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Table PDU-1. Estimates of prevalence of problem drug use at national level: summary table, 2006–11, rate per 1 000 aged 15–64
Part (iii) Problem opioid use
| Country | Notes | Year | Central rate/1000 ages 15–64 | Lower and Upper rates/1000 ages 15-64 | Estimated Number of users | Lower and upper bound of prevalence estimates | Estimation methods [1] | Data sources [1] | Remarks: | Reference | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | |||||||||||
| Bulgaria | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | |||||||||||
| Czech Republic | 1 | 2011 | 1.3 | 1.2 | - | 1.3 | 9300 | 8800 | - | 9750 | TM | LTS;OS | : | 7 | ||||||
| Denmark | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | |||||||||||
| Germany | 2 | 2010 | n.a. | 2.9 | - | 3.4 | : | 156164 | - | 185445 | TM | : | Germany reported two estimates for 2011 (based on MM or PM methods). However, data for 2010 TM method are presented here. For full details see Table PDU-102. | 33;34 | ||||||
| Estonia | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | |||||||||||
| Ireland | 1 | 2006 | 7.2 | 6.2 | - | 8.1 | 20790 | 18136 | - | 23576 | CR | TR ; HO | : | 3 ; 4 | ||||||
| Greece | 1 | 2011 | 2.7 | 2.5 | - | 3.0 | 20473 | 18529 | - | 22688 | CR | TR | The entire population recorded by the TDI, subject to tha age being 15-64 years, who have injected in the last month indeendently of substance | 3 | ||||||
| Spain | 1 | 2010 | 1.2 | 1.1 | - | 1.3 | 38500 | 36093 | - | 41250 | TM | TR;OS | Problematic heroin users | 3 | ||||||
| France | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | |||||||||||
| Italy | 1 | 2011 | 4.8 | 4.3 | - | 5.4 | 193000 | 170000 | - | 216000 | TM | TR | : | 27;28 | ||||||
| Cyprus | 1 | 2011 | 1.6 | 1.3 | - | 2.0 | 936 | 780 | - | 1157 | TP | TR | 8 | |||||||
| Latvia | 1 | 2010 | 6.6 | 5.0 | - | 9.9 | 10169 | 7662 | - | 15177 | TM | TR | : | 3 | ||||||
| Lithuania | 1 | 2007 | 2.4 | 2.3 | - | 2.4 | 5458 | 5314 | - | 5605 | CR | TR ; CJ | Long duration/regular use of opioids, multiple drug use, other psychoactive substances. Estimated proportion of opioid users >90%. | 3 | ||||||
| Luxembourg | 1 | 2007 | 5.9 | 5.0 | - | 7.6 | 1900 | 1608 | - | 2463 | CR ; TP | TR ; DRD ; CJ ; DRID ; OST | Problem heroin users. | 4 | ||||||
| Hungary | 1 | 2007-08 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 3130 | 2780 | - | 3480 | CR | TR ; CJ | Heroin users. Opiates other than heroin were excluded. | 4 | |||||||
| Malta | 1 | 2011 | 7.5 | 6.9 | - | 8.2 | 2159 | 1987 | - | 2369 | CR | TR | Daily opioid users. | 3 | ||||||
| Netherlands | 1 | 2008 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 17700 | 17300 | - | 18100 | TM | TR | Problem opiates users. | 32 | |||||||
| Austria | 1 | 2011 | 5.30 | 5.20 | - | 5.50 | 30306 | 29500 | - | 31111 | CR | TR ; CJ | (Poly-) drug use including opiates. According to other sources of data this is by far the main group of problem drug users in Austria | 1;13 | ||||||
| Poland | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | |||||||||||
| Portugal | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | |||||||||||
| Romania | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | |||||||||||
| Slovenia | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | |||||||||||
| Slovakia | 1 | 2008 | 1.3 | 1.0 | - | 2.5 | 4888 | 3966 | - | 9782 | OT | LTS | Significant change in data collection occured in 2008 and caused na artificial decrease in estimatet prevalence. For historical data see Table PDU-102. | 7 | ||||||
| Finland | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Sweden | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | |||||||||||
| United Kingdom | 1 | 2004-10 | 8.2 | 8.0 | - | 8.6 | 335496 | 327659 | - | 351438 | CR ; MIM | TR ; CJ ; DRD | Based on estimates of opiate use in Northern Irealnd for 2004; opiate use in England for 2009/10; and long duration or regular use of opiates in Wales for 2009/10. For Scotland the number of opiate users has been estimated as 90% of the number of opiates and/or benzodiazepines users in 2009/10, using the proportion from the Drug Outcomes Research in Scotland study (DORIS). | 24;28; 29;30 | ||||||
| Croatia | 1;5 | 2010 | 3.61 | 3.2 | - | 4.0 | 10726 | 9598 | - | 11853 | CR | TR | : | : | ||||||
| Turkey | 4 | 2011 | 0.3 | 0.2 | - | 0.5 | 12733 | 11126 | - | 26537 | MM | DRD | : | 1 | ||||||
| Norway | 3 | 2008 | 3.0 | 2.1 | - | 3.9 | 9450 | 6600 | - | 12300 | CM | DRD ; SS ; OS | Problem heroin users. | 5 | ||||||
Notes:
n.a. = not available.
1 - Interval is a 95 % confidence interval.
2 - Confidence Interval not available.
3 - Interval is based on a sensitivity analysis.
4- Interval estimated using other method
5-Croatia reported in 2011opioid & stimulants, while it had reported opioids in 2010. So data for 2010 are included in part (iii) and for 2011 in part (i)
CR = Capture Recapture
CM = Combined method
TM = Treatment Multiplier
TP = Truncated Poisson
OT = Other
HM = HIV Multiplier
MM = Mortality Multiplier
MI = Multivariate Indicator Method
TR = Treatment data.
GPS = General population surveys.
DRD = Drug related deaths.
OS = Other surveys.
SS = Social services.
LTS = Low-threshold programmes.
CJ = Criminal justice data.
HO = Hospitals.
DRID = Infectious Diseases Registries
For further details on methods and data sources/comments see Table PDU-102 and Table PDU-103.
See also ‘General notes for interpreting data’ on the Explanatory notes and help page